Đáp án A

n M g = 0 , 1   m o l ; n M g O = 0 , 08   m o l

Do Y chỉ chứa muối clorua ⇒ N O 3 -  HẾT

BTNT(N) ⇒ n K N O 3 = 2 n N 2 O + n N H 4 + = 0 , 035   m o l  

\(n_{HCl}=0,8.0,5=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,8.0,75=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{Cl^-}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố H:

\(n_{HCl}.1+n_{H_2SO_4}.2=n_{H_2}.2+n_{H_2O}.2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0,4.1+0,6.2=0,2.2+n_{H_2O}.2\)

=>\(n_{H_2O}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_O=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{muối}=m_{kimloai}+m_{Cl^-}+m_{SO_4^{2-}}\)

=>\(m_{kimloai}=88,7-35,5.0,4-0,6.96=16,9\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m=m_{kimloai}+m_O=16,9+0,6.16=26,5\left(g\right)\)

a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

                \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

b) Dựa vào đề, ta thấy chắc chắn HCl dư

Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)

Gọi số mol của Mg là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=24\cdot0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}\cdot100\%=70\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=22,2\left(g\right)\)

d) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot16\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{160}{73}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\cdot36,5=65,4\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=507,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx1,87\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{65,4}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx12,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> n_HCl = 0,8 (mol)

Theo ĐLBTKL: m_A,B + m_HCl = m_muối + m_H2

=> m_A,B = 39,4 + 0,4.2 - 0,8.36,5 = 11 (g)