$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$

$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$

$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$

$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$

$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$

$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,368}{22,4}=0,195mol\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27x+24y=3,87\left(1\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(\Rightarrow1,5x+y=0,195\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,09\\y=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Al}=0,09\cdot27=2,43g\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,06\cdot24=1,44g\)

\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{hh}=56a+24b=10.16\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=a+b=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.13,b=0.12\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.13\cdot56=7.28\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=0.12\cdot24=2.88\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2\cdot n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.25=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.5}=1\left(M\right)\)

a) Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b (mol)

=> 65a + 56b = 8,56 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,136}{22,4}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

           a--->2a-------->a----->a

            Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

           b----->2b------->b------>b

=> a + b = 0,14 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,08; b = 0,06 

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,08.65}{8,56}.100\%=60,748\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,06.56}{8,56}.100\%=39,252\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

n_KOH = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 (mol)

PTHH: KOH + HCl --> KCl + H₂O

           0,02-->0,02

=> n_HCl = 0,02 + 2a + 2b = 0,3 (mol)

=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=xM=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15}=2M\)

c) m = 0,08.136 + 0,06.127 = 18,5(g)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 22 (1)

PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,832}{24,79}=0,8\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6}{0,5}=3,2\left(M\right)\)

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)

a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

          0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075

=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)

=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)

b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

          0,05->0,0375

           2Cu + O₂ --t^o--> 2CuO 

            0,2-->0,1

=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+24y=7,8(1)\\ a,2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,2(mol);y=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%=69,23\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-69,23\%=30,77\%\)

\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{192,2}.100\%=15,19\%\\ c,n_{AlCl_3}=0,2(mol);n_{MgCl_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{0,2.27+192,2-0,3.2}.100\%=13,55\%\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.24+192,2-0,1.2}.100\%=4,89\%\)