\(\text{a) }10\left(\frac{x-2}{x+1}\right)^2+\left(\frac{x+2}{x-1}\right)^2-11\frac{x^2-4}{x^2-1}=0\\ DKXD:x\ne-1;x\ne1\\ \Leftrightarrow10\left(\frac{x-2}{x+1}\right)^2+\left(\frac{x+2}{x-1}\right)^2-11\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)

Đặt \(\frac{x-2}{x+1}=a;\frac{x+2}{x-1}=b\)

\(Pt\Leftrightarrow10a^2+b^2-11ab=0\\ \Leftrightarrow10a^2-10ab-ab+b^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow10a\left(a-b\right)-b\left(a-b\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(10a-b\right)\left(a-b\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}10a-b=0\\a-b=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}10a=b\\a=b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\frac{10\left(x-2\right)}{x+1}=\frac{x+2}{x-1}\left(1\right)\\\frac{x-2}{x+1}=\frac{x+2}{x-1}\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow10\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow10\left(x^2-3x+2\right)=x^2+3x+2\\ \Leftrightarrow9x^2-33x+18=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9x^2-27x-6x+18=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9x\left(x-3\right)-6\left(x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(9x-6\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\9x-6=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=\frac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\left(Tm\right)\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=x^2+3x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow6x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=0\left(Tm\right)\)

Vậy pt có tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{0;3;\frac{2}{3}\right\}\)

\(\text{b) }\left(\frac{x+1}{x-2}\right)^2+\frac{x+1}{x-4}=12\left(\frac{x-2}{x-4}\right)^2\\ DKXD:x\ne2;x\ne4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x+1}{x-2}\right)^2+\frac{x+1}{x-2}\cdot\frac{x-2}{x-4}-12\left(\frac{x-2}{x-4}\right)^2=0\)

Đặt \(\frac{x+1}{x-2}=a;\frac{x-2}{x-4}=b\)

\(Pt\Leftrightarrow a^2+ab-12b^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+4ab-3ab-12b^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a\left(a+4b\right)-3b\left(a+4b\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-3b\right)\left(a+4b\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a-3b=0\\a+4b=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3b\\a=-4b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x+1}{x-2}=\frac{3\left(x-2\right)}{x-4}\left(1\right)\\\frac{x+1}{x-2}=\frac{-4\left(x-2\right)}{x-4}\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tự giải tiếp nha.

1.

\(\frac{2x+3}{4}-\frac{5x+3}{6}=\frac{3-4x}{12}\)

\(MC:12\)

Quy đồng :

\(\Rightarrow\frac{3.\left(2x+3\right)}{12}-\left(\frac{2.\left(5x+3\right)}{12}\right)=\frac{3x-4}{12}\)

\(\frac{6x+9}{12}-\left(\frac{10x+6}{12}\right)=\frac{3x-4}{12}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6x+9-\left(10x+6\right)=3x-4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6x+9-3x=-4-9+16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-7x=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-3}{7}\)

2.\(\frac{3.\left(2x+1\right)}{4}-1=\frac{15x-1}{10}\)

\(MC:20\)

Quy đồng :

\(\frac{15.\left(2x+1\right)}{20}-\frac{20}{20}=\frac{2.\left(15x-1\right)}{20}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow15\left(2x+1\right)-20=2\left(15x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow30x+15-20=15x-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow15x=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{15}=\frac{1}{5}\)

a)\(\left(x-1\right)^{x+2}=\left(x-1\right)^{x+4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^{x+2}\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-1\right]=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)^{x+2}\left(x-2\right)=0\)

Do đó \(x\in\left\{0;1;2\right\}\)

b)

\(\frac{1}{4}\cdot\frac{2}{6}\cdot\frac{3}{8}\cdot...\cdot\frac{31}{64}=2^x\Leftrightarrow\frac{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot...\cdot31}{4\cdot6\cdot8\cdot...\cdot64}=2^x\Leftrightarrow\frac{31!}{\left(2\cdot2\right)\cdot\left(2\cdot3\right)\cdot\left(2\cdot4\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(2\cdot31\right)\cdot64}=2^x\)

\(\frac{31!}{2^{30}\cdot31!\cdot2^6}=2^x\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2^{36}}=2^x\Leftrightarrow2^{-36}=2^x\Rightarrow x=-36\)

Giai phương trình sau :

a) \(\frac{10}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}+\frac{3}{1-x}=\frac{5}{x+5}\)

ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne1;x\ne-5\)

Với điều kiện trên ta có :

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{10}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}+\frac{-3}{x-1}=\frac{5}{x+5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow10-3\left(x+5\right)=5\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow10-3x-15=5x-5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-8x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\) (nhận)

Vậy : \(S=\left\{0\right\}\)

d) \(\frac{1}{\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+3\right)}=\frac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)

ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne-2;x\ne-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+3+x+2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=-4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2\) (không nhận)

Vậy : \(S=\varnothing\)

a/ Do \(x=0\) không phải nghiệm, pt tương đương:

\(\frac{3}{x+\frac{3}{x}-1}-\frac{2}{x+\frac{3}{x}-3}=-1\)

Đặt \(x+\frac{3}{x}-3=a\) ta được:

\(\frac{3}{a+2}-\frac{2}{a}=-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3a-2\left(a+2\right)=-a\left(a+2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{3}{x}-3=1\\x+\frac{3}{x}-3=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4x+3=0\\x^2+x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

b/ Đặt \(x^2+2x+\frac{5}{2}=a>0\)

Phương trình trở thành:

\(\frac{1}{\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}=\frac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(a+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+4\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=5\left(a^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8a^2+2=5\left(a^4-\frac{1}{2}a^2+\frac{1}{16}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5a^4-\frac{21}{2}a^2-\frac{27}{16}=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\frac{9}{4}\\a^2=-\frac{3}{20}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2x+\frac{5}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\\x^2+2x+\frac{5}{2}=-\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{x+1}\right)^2+\left(\frac{x}{x-1}\right)^2+\frac{2x^2}{x^2-1}-\frac{2x^2}{x^2-1}-\frac{10}{9}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{x}{x-1}\right)^2-\frac{2x^2}{x^2-1}-\frac{10}{9}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{2x^2}{x^2-1}\right)^2-\frac{2x^2}{x^2-1}-\frac{10}{9}=0\)

Đặt \(\frac{2x^2}{x^2-1}=a\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2-a-\frac{10}{9}=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{5}{3}\\a=-\frac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\frac{2x^2}{x^2-1}=\frac{5}{3}\\\frac{2x^2}{x^2-1}=-\frac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=-5\left(l\right)\\x^2=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=\pm\frac{1}{2}\)

d/ĐKXĐ: ...

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\frac{36}{x^2}\right)-13\left(x-\frac{6}{x}\right)=0\)

Đặt \(x-\frac{6}{x}=a\Rightarrow x+\frac{36}{x^2}=a^2+12\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2-13a+12=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=12\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\frac{6}{x}=1\\x-\frac{6}{x}=12\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-6=0\\x^2-12x-6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

a,

\(\frac{10}{(x+5)(x-1)}+\frac{3}{x-1}=\frac{5}{x+5}\)

\(\frac{10}{(x+5)(x-1)}+\frac{3(x+5)}{(x+5)(x-1)}=\frac{5(x-1)}{(x+5)(x-1)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)10+3x+15=5x-5

\(\Leftrightarrow\)25+3x=5x-5

\(\Leftrightarrow\)25+3x-5x+5=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\)30-2x=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\)-2x=-30

\(\Leftrightarrow\)x=15

vậy pt có ngiệm là x=15