Khó Phạm Trần Minh Ngọc

\(\frac{5}{2}\)

Ta có : M\(^2\)= (\(\dfrac{5x-4y}{5x+4y}\))\(^2\) = \(\dfrac{\left(5x-4y\right)^2}{\left(5x+4y\right)^2}\)= \(\dfrac{25x^2+16y^2-40xy}{25x^2+16y^2+40xy}\)

= \(\dfrac{41xy-40xy}{41xy+40xy}=\dfrac{xy}{81xy}=\dfrac{1}{81}=\left(\dfrac{1}{9}\right)^2\)

Mà 4y < 5x < 0 \(\Rightarrow\)5x - 4y > 0 . 5x +4y < 0 \(\Rightarrow\) M < 0

Vậy M = - \(\dfrac{1}{9}\)

Ta có: 

\(P=\dfrac{5x-4y}{5x+4y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2=\left(\dfrac{5x-4y}{5x+4y}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2=\dfrac{\left(5x-4y\right)^2}{\left(5x+4y\right)^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2=\dfrac{\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot4y+\left(4y\right)^2}{\left(5x\right)^2+2\cdot5x\cdot4y+\left(4y\right)^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2=\dfrac{\left(25x^2+16y^2\right)-40xy}{\left(25x^2+16y^2\right)+40xy}\)

Thay \(25x^2+16y^2=50xy\) vào ta có:

\(P^2=\dfrac{50xy-40xy}{50xy+40xy}=\dfrac{10xy}{90xy}=\dfrac{1}{9}=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\)

Mà: \(4y< 5x< 0\)

Nên: \(P=\dfrac{5x-4y}{5x+4y}< 0\)

Vậy: \(P=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

25x^2+16y^2=50xy

=>25x^2-50xy+16y^2=0

=>25x^2-10xy-40xy+16y^2=0

=>5x(5x-2y)-8y(5x-2y)=0

=>(5x-2y)(5x-8y)=0

=>5x=2y hoặc 5x=8y

5x>4y

=>5x=8y

=>x/8=y/5=k

=>x=8k; y=5k

\(P=\dfrac{5\cdot8k-4\cdot5k}{5\cdot8k+4\cdot5k}=\dfrac{40-20}{40+20}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)