1.1. Al + NaOH + H2O ==> NaAlO2 + 3/2H2

nH2(1)=3,36/22,4=0.15(mol)

=> nAl(1)= nH2(1):3/2= 0.15:3/2= 0.1(mol)

2.Mg + 2HCl ==> MgCl2 + H2

3.2Al + 6HCl ==> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

4.Fe + 2HCl ==> FeCl2 + H2

=> \(n_{H_2\left(2,3,4\right)}=\) 10.08/22.4= 0.45(mol)

=> nH2(3)=0.1*3/2=0.15(mol)

MgCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl

AlCl3 + 3NaOH ==> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl

FeCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl

CR ko tan là Cu

m_Cu= 12,8 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\) m_Mg + m_Fe = 23,6 - 12,8 = 10,8 (g)

Gọi n_Mg=x , n_Fe=y trong 10,8 g

\(\Rightarrow\) 24x + 56y = 10,8 (l)

Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl₂ + H₂

x ----> 2x (mol)

Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl₂ + H₂

y ----> 2y (mol)

n_HCl = \(\frac{91,25.20\%}{36,5}\) = 0,5 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\) 2x + 2y = 0,5 (ll)

Từ (l) và (ll) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}x=0,1\\y=0,15\end{cases}\)

m_Mg = 0,1 . 24 =2,4 (g)

m_Fe = 8,4 (g)

a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂

a--->2a------------------>a

2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

b---->3b-------------------->1,5b

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2.2+0,2.3\right).36,5}{300}.100\%=12,167\%\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) 
gọi nFe : a , nAl: b (a,b>0)  => 56a + 27b = 16,6 (g) 
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) 
           a                                     a
         \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\) 
           b                                     \(\dfrac{3b}{2}\)
          
=> \(a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\) 
ta có hệ pt 
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) 
=> a= 0,2 , b = 0,2 
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=16,6-11,2=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\) 
           0,2     0,4 
        \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) 
           0,2    0,6 
=> \(m_{HCl}=\left(0,4+0,6\right).36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\) 
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{36,5}{200}.100\%=18,25\%\)

a) Gọi số mol Fe, Mg là a, b (mol)

=> 56a + 24b = 1,04 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

             a--->2a-------------->a

            Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

              b---->2b------------->b

=> a + b = 0,03 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,01 (mol); b = 0,02 (mol)

m_Fe = 0,01.56 = 0,56 (g)

m_Mg = 0,02.24 = 0,48 (g)

b) n_{HCl(lý thuyết)} = 2a + 2b = 0,06 (mol)

=> \(n_{HCl\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{0,06.110}{100}=0,066\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{dd.HCl\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{0,066}{0,1}=0,66\left(l\right)\)

Fe+2HCl->Fecl2+H2

x-----2x-----------------x

Mg+2Hcl->MgCl2+h2

y-------2y----------------y

a)

ta có :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=10,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>x=0,05625 , y=0,29375

=>m Fe=0,05625.56=3,15g

=>m Mg=7,05g

=>VHCl=\(\dfrac{0,05625.2+0,29375.2}{0,1}\)=7l=7000ml

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\uparrow\)

            0,025                                     0,025

\(BaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)

  \(\rightarrow m_{Ba}=0,025.137=3,425\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{3,425}{6,486}=52,81\%\\\%m_{BaO}=100\%-52,81\%=47,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vì Cu không tác dụng với dung dịch axit clohidric loãng :

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

        1           2             1            1

      0,2                                      0,2

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Cu}=6-4,8=1,2\left(g\right)\)

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