a) ( x 2  – 4x + 1)( x 2  – 2x + 3).     b) (3x – y – 1)(x – 7y – 1).

Ta có : \(x^4-5x^2+4\)

\(=x^4-x^2-4x^2+4\)

\(=x^2\left(x^2-1\right)-4\left(x^2-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)

Ta có: \(x^4-5x^2+4\)

\(=x^4-x^2-4x^2+4\)

\(=x^2\left(x^2-1\right)-4\left(x^2-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)

\(x^4+8x=x\left(x^3+8\right)=x\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\)

\(x^4+8x=x\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\)

${}^{}-2{}^{}+2x-1$

$={}^{}-{}^{}-{}^{}+{}^{}-{}^{}+x+x-1$

$={}^{}\left(x-1\right)-{}^{}\left(x-1\right)-x\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)$

$=\left(x-1\right)\left({}^{}-{}^{}-x+1\right)$
$=\left(x-1\right)[$

\(x^4+2x^3+2x^2+2x+1\\ =\left(x^4+x^3\right)+\left(x^3+x^2\right)+\left(x^2+x\right)+\left(x+1\right)\\ =x^3\left(x+1\right)+x^2\left(x+1\right)+x\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\\ =\left(x^3+x^2+x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ =\left[\left(x^3+x^2\right)+\left(x+1\right)\right]\left(x+1\right)\\ =\left[x^2\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\right]\left(x+1\right)\\ =\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)^2\)

\(x^4+2x^3+2x^2+2x+1\)

\(=x^4+x^3+x^3+x^2+x^2+2x+1\)

\(=x^3\left(x+1\right)+x^2\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+x^2+x+1\right)\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2+1\right)\)

\(3x^3+5x^2-14x+4\\ =\left(3x^3-x^2\right)+\left(6x^2-2x\right)-\left(12x-4\right)\\ =x^2\left(3x-1\right)+2x\left(3x-1\right)-4\left(3x-1\right)\\ =\left(x^2+2-4\right)\left(3x-1\right)\)

\(2x^4-7x^3+17x^2-20x+14\)

\(=2x^4-3x^3+7x^2-4x^3+6x^2-14x+4x^2-6x+14\)

\(=x^2\left(2x^2-3x+7\right)-2x\left(2x^2-3x+7\right)+2\left(2x^2-3x+7\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(2x^2-3x+7\right)\)

\(x^4-14x^3+71x^2-154x+120\)

\(=x^4-2x^3-12x^3+24x^2+47x^2-94x-60x+120\)

\(=x^3\left(x-2\right)-12x^2\left(x-2\right)+47x\left(x-2\right)-60\left(x-2\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3-12x^2+47x-60\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3-3x^2-9x^2+27x+20x-60\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left[x^2\left(x-3\right)-9x\left(x-3\right)+20\left(x-3\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-9x+20\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-4x-5x+20\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left[x\left(x-4\right)-5\left(x-4\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x-5\right)\)