a) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cosi ta có :

\(x^2+1\geq 2x\\ 4y^2+1\geq 4y\\ 9z^2+1\geq 6z\)

Suy ra \(S\leq 6\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=1;y=\frac{1}{2}; z=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-18x+9\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+\left(2z^2+4z+2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+8xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2−18x+4z−6y+20=0

⇔9(x−1)^2+(y−3)^2+2(z+1)^2=0

⇔x=1;y=3;z=−1

b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y−2x+2=0

⇔4(x+y)2+(x−1)2+(y+1)2=0

⇔x=−y;x=1y=−1⇔x=1y=−1

c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy−2x+4y+5=0

⇔(2x+y)^2+(x−1)^2+(y+2)^2=0

⇔2x=−y;x=1;y=−2

⇔x=1;y=−2

⇔(x−1)^2+(2y−3)^2+(z+2)^2=0

\(d,\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(4y^2-12y+9\right)+\left(z^2+4z+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

\(\Rightarrow\)PT vô nghiệm vì 11 không phải là tổng 2 số chính phương

\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11

e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2

a, \(A=-\left(x^2+8x+16-16\right)+5=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = - 4

Vậy GTLN của A là 21 tại x = -4 

b, \(B=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+7\)

\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\forall x;y\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 1 ; y = -1/2 

Vậy GTLN của B là 7 tại x = 1 ; y = -1/2 

TK

A = 5 − 8 x − x 2

= -(x2+8x+16)+21

= 21-(x+4)2 

Với mọi x thì ( x + 4 ) 2 >= 0

=> 21−(x+4)2=<21 Hay A=<21

Để A=21 thì (x+4)2=0

=>x+4=0

=> x = − 4

Câu sau để anh nghĩ đã nhé

Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử

1: \(x^2-x-y^2-y\)

\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-1\right)\)

2: \(x^2-y^2+x-y\)

\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)+\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\)

3: \(3x-3y+x^2-y^2\)

\(=\left(3x-3y\right)+\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)

\(=3\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\)

4: \(5x-5y+x^2-y^2\)

\(=\left(5x-5y\right)+\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)

\(=5\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(5+x+y\right)\)

5: \(x^2-5x-y^2-5y\)

\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(5x+5y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-5\right)\)

6: \(x^2-y^2+2x-2y\)

\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)+\left(2x-2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+2\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+2\right)\)

7: \(x^2-4y^2+x+2y\)

\(=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)+\left(x+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)+\left(x+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y+1\right)\)

8: \(x^2-y^2-2x-2y\)

\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(2x+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-2\right)\)

9: \(x^2-4y^2+2x+4y\)

\(=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)+\left(2x+4y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)+2\left(x+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y+2\right)\)

c)Ta có: x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 5 = (x2 – 2x + 1) + (y2 + 4y + 4)

= (x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2

Vậy (x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 0 ⇒ x – 1 = 0 hay y + 2 = 0

⇒ x = 1 hoặc y = -2