Axit axetic \(CH_3COOH\)

Rượu etylic \(C_2H_5OH\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)

\(2CH_3COOH+Mg\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)

0,2                                                               0,1

\(m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2\cdot60=12g\)

\(\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{12}{20}\cdot100\%=60\%\)

\(\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=100\%-60\%=40\%\)

a) Gọi số mol CH₃COOH, C₂H₅OH là a, b (mol)

=> 60a + 46b = 25,8 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Na + 2CH₃COOH --> 2CH₃COONa + H₂

                               a------------------------->0,5a

           2Na + 2C₂H₅OH --> 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂

                           b--------------------->0,5b

=> 0,5a + 0,5b = 0,25 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{25,8}.100\%=46,51\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,3.46}{25,8}.100\%=53,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{13,2}{88}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH --H₂SO_4(đ),t^o--> CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo CH₃COOH

PTHH: CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH --H₂SO_4(đ),t^o--> CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

                   0,15<---------------------------------0,15

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}.100\%=75\%\)

a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 

2C₂H₅OH + 2Na ---> 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂

a---------------------------------------->0,5a

2CH₃COOH + 2Na ---> 2CH₃COONa + H₂

b------------------------------------------------>0,5b

=> hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+60b=48,8\\0,5a+0,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,8\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100\%=75,41\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,41\%=24,59\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, PTHH:

\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_4đặc}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)

LTL: 0,8 > 0,2 => Rượu dư

\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(tt\right)}=0,2.85\%=0,17\left(mol\right)\\ m_{este}=0,17.88=14,96\left(g\right)\)

a.Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=x\\n_{CH_3COOH}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)

\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)

             x                                          1/2 x         ( mol )

\(2CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2\)

        y                                                      1/2 y       ( mol )

Ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46x+60y=48,8\\\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,8\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8g\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100=75,4\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,4\%=24,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(H_2SO_4\left(đ\right),t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)

        0,8     <          0,2                                                                       ( mol )

                               0,2                                             0,2                    ( mol )

\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0,2.88.85\%=14,96g\) 

2C2H5OH + 2Na--> 2C2H5Na + H2

  a                                                 a/2           mol

2CH3COOH + 2Na --> 2CH3COONa + H2

 b                                                             b/2             mol

n khí = 3,36/22,4=0,15 mol

=> a/2 + b/2 =0,15

và 46a + 60 b =15,2 

=> a=0,2 mol  : b=0,1 mol

=> mC2H5OH = 0,2 * 46=9,2 g

=>% mC2H5OH = 9,2*100/15,2=60,53%

% mCH3COOH = 100 - 60 ,53=39,47 %

% khối lượng CH 3 COOH : 1,2/1,66 x 100% = 72,29%

% khối lương  C 2 H 5 OH : 0,46/1,66 x 100% = 27,71%

a)

- Xét TN2:

n_NaOH = 0,2.0,2 = 0,04 (mol)

PTHH: CH₃COOH + NaOH --> CH₃COONa + H₂O

                 0,04<-----0,04

- Xét TN1:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2CH₃COOH + 2Na --> 2CH₃COONa + H₂

                 0,04------------------------------>0,02

            2C₂H₅OH + 2Na --> 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂

                 0,02<--------------------------0,01

=> m = 0,04.60 + 0,02.46 = 3,32 (g)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,04.60}{3,32}.100\%=72,29\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,02.46}{3,32}.100\%=27,71\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

n C2H5OH =a (mol) ; n CH3COOH = b(mol)

=> 46a + 60b = 27,2(1)

$2C_2H_5ONa + 2Na \to 2C_2H_5ONa + H_2$
$2CH_3COOH + 2Na \to 2CH_3COONa + H_2$

Theo PTHH :

n H2 = 0,5a + 0,5b = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3

Suy ra:

m C2H5OH = 0,2.46 = 9,2(gam)

m CH3COOH = 0,3.60 = 18(gam)

Phần trăm khối lượng của C 2 H 5 OH : 0,92/1,52 x 100% = 60,53%

Phần trăm khối lượng của  C 3 H 7 OH : 100% - 60,53% = 39,47%.