Rainbow

Đáp án B

Fe³⁺+ 3OH^- → Fe(OH)₃

0,1 mol           0,1 mol

Al³⁺+ 3OH^- → Al(OH)₃

Zn²⁺+ 2OH^- → Zn(OH)₂

Do Al(OH)₃ và Zn(OH)₂ là hidroxit lưỡng tính nên bị tan trong NaOH dư

Kết tủa thu được có Fe(OH)₃

2Fe(OH)₃  → Fe₂O₃+ 3H₂O

0,1               0,05 mol

m_Fe2O3 = 0,05.160 = 8 gam

\(n_{FeCl_3}=0.2\cdot0.4=0.08\left(mol\right)\)

\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)

\(0.08...........0.24..............0.08\)

\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)

\(0.08...........0.04\)

\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0.04\cdot160=6.4\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0.24}{0.5}=0.48\left(l\right)\)

\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\) (1)

\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\) (2)

\(n_{FeCl_3}=0,2.0,4=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố Fe : \(n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04.160=6,4\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT (1) : \(n_{NaOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,08.3=0,24\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,5}=0,48\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{FeCl_3}=C_M.V=0,4.0,2=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

PT: FeCl₃ + 3NaOH \(\rightarrow\) 3NaCl + Fe(OH)₃ \(\downarrow\)

       0,08 -> 0,24                     ->  0,08          (mol)

      2Fe(OH)₃ \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂O

        0,08       ->    0,04                                  (mol)

m_cr=m_Fe2O3=n.M=0,04.160=6,4(g)

\(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,5}=0,48\left(l\right)\)

\(a,PTHH:3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow^{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\uparrow\\ b,n_{FeCl_3}=1,5\cdot0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45\left(l\right)\)

Theo đề: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}X:Fe\left(OH\right)_3\\A:NaCl\\Y:Fe_2O_3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo PT: \(n_{NaCl}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,45+0,2}\approx1,4M\)

\(c,\) Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_X=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,3\cdot107=32,1\left(g\right)\\m_Y=m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\cdot160=24\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0.5V\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5.1}{102}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)

\(0.1...............0.05\)

TH1 : Al(OH)₃ không bị hòa tan.

\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)

\(0.1...........0.3................0.1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow V=\dfrac{0.3}{0.5}=0.6\left(l\right)\)

TH2 : Al(OH)₃ bị hòa tan một phần 
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)

\(0.2...........0.6................0.2\)

\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)

\(0.5V-0.6...0.5V-0.6\)

\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0.2+0.5V-0.6=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V=1\left(l\right)\)

\(3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)

\(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(C_{M\left(NaCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)

\(n_{Fe\left(ỌH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> m _Fe2O3 = 0,1 . 160=16(g)