7. Look at the highlighted examples of non-defining relative clauses in the text. Circle the correct words below.
(Nhìn vào các ví dụ được tô sáng về mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định trong văn bản. Khoanh tròn các từ đúng dưới đây.)
LEARN THIS! Non-defining relative clauses
a. In non-defining relative clauses, we use who, which, where and whose, but we do not use that.
b. A non-defining relative clause:
comes immediately (1) before / after a noun and gives us information about that noun.
adds extra information to the sentence; the sentence (2) makes sense / does not make sense without it.
(3) has / doesn't have a comma at the start. It has a comma or a full stop at the end.
a. In non-defining relative clauses, we use who, which, where and whose, but we do not use that.
(Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta dùng, who, which, where và whose, và chúng ta không dùng that.)
b. A non-defining relative clause:
(Một mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là:)
comes immediately (1) after a noun and gives us information about that noun.
(theo ngay sau một danh từ và cho biết thông tin về danh từ đó.)
adds extra information to the sentence; the sentence (2) makes sense without it.
(thêm thông tin vào câu; câu vẫn có nghĩa khi không có nó.)
(3) has a comma at the start. It has a comma or a full stop at the end.
(có một dấu phẩy ngay lúc bắt đầu. Có một dấu chấm hoặc dấu phẩy vào cuối câu.)
I. Underline the Relative clauses and write Defining or Non-difining clauses.
Gạch chân mệnh đề quan hệ. Xác định loại mệnh đề quan hệ
1. We lit a fire which soon dried out clothes.
2. The report which should have taken an hour and a half, took three hours.
3. The children who I was looking after were terribly spoilt.
4. She thanked him for the kind help that she received.
5. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning.
6. The man who was driving us didn’t know the way.
7. The Smiths whose house was destroyed in the explosion, were given rooms in the hotel.
8. The car which we hired from the airport broke down on the road.
9. My boss who I really wanted to see, was too busy to meet anyone.
10. Mr. and Mrs. Jones who were out playing cards, knew nothing of the burglary.
b. Combine the sentences using non-defining relative clauses.
(Kết hợp các câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)
1. George Beauchamp was an American inventor. He invented the electric guitar in 1932.
(George Beauchamp là một nhà phát minh người Mỹ. Ông đã phát minh ra guitar điện vào năm 1932.)
→ George Beauchamp, who was an American inventor, invented the electric guitar in 1932.
(George Beauchamp, một nhà phát minh người Mỹ, đã phát minh ra đàn guitar điện vào năm 1932.)
2. Philo T. Farnsworth was the first television's inventor. He invented it in 1927.
(Philo T. Farnsworth là người phát minh ra tivi đầu tiên. Ông đã phát minh ra nó vào năm 1927.)
3. Tom Kilburn developed the first software in 1948. He worked for the University of Manchester.
(Tom Kilburn đã phát triển phần mềm đầu tiên vào năm 1948. Ông làm việc cho Đại học Manchester.)
4. Edward Jenner created the first vaccine in 1796. He was a country doctor in England.
(Edward Jenner đã tạo ra vắc-xin đầu tiên vào năm 1796. Ông là một bác sĩ nông thôn ở Anh.)
1. George Beauchamp, who was an American inventor, invented the electric guitar in 1932.
(George Beauchamp, một nhà phát minh người Mỹ, đã phát minh ra đàn guitar điện vào năm 1932.)
2. Philo T. Farnsworth, who was the first television's inventor, invented it in 1927.
(Philo T. Farnsworth, người phát minh ra tivi đầu tiên, đã phát minh ra nó vào năm 1927.)
3. Tom Kilburn, who developed the first software in 1948, worked for the University of Manchester.
(Tom Kilburn, người phát triển phần mềm đầu tiên vào năm 1948, làm việc cho Đại học Manchester.)
4. Edward Jenner, who created the first vaccine in 1796, was a country doctor in England.
(Edward Jenner, người đã tạo ra vắc-xin đầu tiên vào năm 1796, là một bác sĩ nông thôn ở Anh.)
c. Use the information in the table to write sentences with non-defining relative clauses.
(Sử dụng thông tin trong bảng để viết câu với mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)
What (Cái gì) | Who (Ai) | Job (Công việc) | When (Khi nào) | |
1 | telescope (kính thiên văn) | Hans Lipperhey | glasses maker (thợ làm kính) | 1608 |
2 | mercury thermometer (nhiệt kế thủy ngân) | Daniel Fahrenheit | 1714 | |
3 | modern-day dishwasher (máy rửa bát hiện đại) | Josephine Cochran | 1886 | |
4 | car (ô tô) | Karl Benz | designer (nhà thiết kế) |
1. (who/job/what/when) Hans Lipperhey, who was a glasses maker, invented the telescope in 1608.
(Hans Lipperhey, một nhà sản xuất kính, đã phát minh ra kính thiên văn vào năm 1608.)
2. (what/when/who) ____________________________
3. (what/when/who) ____________________________
4. (who/job/what) ______________________________
1. Hans Lipperhey, who was a glasses maker, invented the telescope in 1608.
(Hans Lipperhey, một nhà sản xuất kính, đã phát minh ra kính thiên văn vào năm 1608.)
2. Mercury thermometer, which was invented in 1714, was invented by Daniel Fahrenheit.
(Nhiệt kế thủy ngân, được phát minh vào năm 1714, được phát minh bởi Daniel Fahrenheit.)
3. Modern-day dishwasher, which was invented in 1886, was invented by Josephine Cochran.
(Máy rửa bát hiện đại, được phát minh vào năm 1886, được phát minh bởi Josephine Cochran.)
4. Karl Benz, who was a designer, invented the car.
(Karl Benz, một nhà thiết kế, đã phát minh ra ô tô.)
5D. Defining and non-defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và không xác định.)
6. Choose the correct answer (a-d). Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
(Chọn câu trả lời đúng (a-d). Đôi khi có thể có nhiều hơn một câu trả lời.)
1. I met a boy ______ brother is in my class.
a. whose b. that c. which d. no pronoun
2. He's the man ______ I saw on the train.
a. who b. that c. which d. no pronoun
3. Is that the dictionary _____ you bought yesterday?
a. which b. that c. where d. no pronoun
4. Show me the computer _____ you got for your birthday.
a. that b. which c. who d. no pronoun
5. Is that the cafe _____ you worked last summer?
a. that b. which c. where d. no pronoun
6. New Year's Day is the day ______ comes after New Year's Eve.
a. which b. who c. that d. no pronoun
1. I met a boy whose brother is in my class.
(Tôi đã gặp cậu bé, anh trai của cậu ấy học lớp tôi.)
2. He's the man who/ that I saw on the train.
(Anh ta là người mà tôi đã gặp trên tàu.)
3. Is that the dictionary which/ that you bought yesterday?
(Đây có phải cuốn từ điển mà bạn mua hôm qua không?)
4. Show me the computer which/ that you got for your birthday.
(Cho tôi xem cái máy tính mà bạn nhận được vào dịp sinh nhật ấy.)
5. Is that the cafe where you worked last summer?
(Đó có phải quán cafe nơi mà bạn làm việc mùa hè năm ngoái?)
6. New Year's Day is the day which/ that comes after New Year's Eve.
(Ngày Tết là ngày sau đêm giao thừa.)
C. Rút gọn mệnh đề: Reduce the following adverb clauses: Chủ động (Ving). Bị động (V3/ed)
1. Before we went on holiday, we prepared everything carefully. (chủ động???)
=> Before going on holiday, we prepared everything carefully.
2. Before it is baked, the cake should be carefully prepared. (bị động???)
=> Before baked, the cake should be carefully prepared.
3. Although my brother is working in Tan Uyen, he comes home on every public holiday.
=> ____________________________________________________________
4. You should negotiate a lot before you buy a new car.
=>____________________________________________________________
5. When they are frightened, tortoises often hide inside their shells.
=> ____________________________________________________________
6. Once they are purchased, the swimsuits cannot be returned.
=> ____________________________________________________________
7. Although she was wearing a sweater, she still felt cold.
=> ____________________________________________________________
8. Because he has a very important job, he is particularly well-paid.
=> ____________________________________________________________
1. Before we went on holiday, we prepared everything carefully.
=> Before going on holiday, we prepared everything carefully.
2. Before it is baked, the cake should be carefully prepared. (bị động???)
=> Before baked, the cake should be carefully prepared.
3. Although my brother is working in Tan Uyen, he comes home on every public holiday.
=> Although working in Tan Uyen, he comes home on every public holiday.
4. You should negotiate a lot before you buy a new car.
=> Before buying a new car, you should negotiate a lot.
5. When they are frightened, tortoises often hide inside their shells.
=> When being frightened, tortoises often hide inside their shells.
6. Once they are purchased, the swimsuits cannot be returned.
=> Once purchased, the swimsuits cannot be returned.
7. Although she was wearing a sweater, she still felt cold.
=> Although wearing a sweater, she still felt cold.
8. Because he has a very important job, he is particularly well-paid.
=> Having a very important job, he is particularly well-paid.
5. Work in pairs. Take turns to define these jobs and places of work. Use defining relative clauses.
(Làm việc theo cặp. Lần lượt xác định các công việc và địa điểm làm việc này. Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.)
1. a doctor – A doctor is a person who work in hospital.
(Một bác sĩ là một người làm trong bệnh viện.)
2. an actor - An actor is a person whose job is to act in a movie.
(Một diễn viên là một người đóng vai trong một bộ phim.)
3. a school – A school is a place where students study.
(Một ngôi trường là nơi học sinh học.)
4. your ideas – Your ideas are something that is quite interesting.
(Ý tưởng của bạn là thứ gì đó thật thú vị.)
Join the two sentences using relative clauses (Nối câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ)
1. The house has been built in the forest. It doesn’t have electricity._____________________________________________________________
2. Do you know the man? He is coming towards us._____________________________________________________________
3. I sent my parents some postcards. They were not so expensive._____________________________________________________________
4. I come from a city. The city is located by the sea._____________________________________________________________
5. The soup was so delicious. I had it for lunch._____________________________________________________________
6. The man is her father. You met him last week.
➔ _______________________________________.
7. Carta has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.
➔ _______________________________________.
8. Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.
➔ _______________________________________.
9. Huyen likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.
➔ _______________________________________.
10. That is a company. It produces ring.
➔ _______________________________________.
11. The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.
➔ _______________________________________.
12. Linda bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive message.
➔ _______________________________________.
13. Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.
➔ _______________________________________.
14. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
➔ _______________________________________.
15. Cuong is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.
➔ _______________________________________.
1. The house has been built in the forest. It doesn’t have electricity.
___The house which has been built in the forest doesn’t have electricity____________
2. Do you know the man? He is coming towards us.
_____________Do you know the man who is coming towards us?______________
3. I sent my parents some postcards. They were not so expensive.
____________I sent my parents some postcards which were not so expensive_________________________________________________
4. I come from a city. The city is located by the sea.
_________I come from a city which is located by the sea____________
5. The soup was so delicious. I had it for lunch.
___The soup that I had for lunch was so delicious___
6. The man is her father. You met him last week.
➔ ___________The man whom you met last week is her father____________________________.
7. Carta has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.
➔ ____________Carta has a sister whose nam is Juma___________________________.
8. Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.
➔ __________Show me the new hats which you bought last night_____________________________.
9. Huyen likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.
➔ _____________Huyen likes the blue T-shirt which my sister is wearing__________________________.
10. That is a company. It produces ring.
➔ _______That is a company which produces ring________________________________.
11. The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.
➔ _____________The children were attracted by the show which was performed so many__________________________.
12. Linda bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive message.
➔ __________Linda bought a new phone yesterday which I can use to send and receive message_____________________________.
13. Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.
➔ ________Tet is a festival which often happens in late January or early February_______________________________.
14. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
➔ _______My best friend can compose songs which Ly sings very well________________________________.
15. Cuong is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.
➔ ______________Cuong is the boy who is giving my mom a gift_________________________.
1. The house has been built in the forest. It doesn’t have electricity.
➜ The house which has been built in the forest doesn't have electricity.
2. Do you know the man? He is coming towards us.
➜ Do you know the man who is coming towards us?
3. I sent my parents some postcards. They were not so expensive.
➜ I sent my parents some postcards which were not so expensive.
4. I come from a city. The city is located by the sea.
➜ I come from a city which is located by the sea.
5. The soup was so delicious. I had it for lunch.
➜ The soup which i had for lunch was so delicious.
6. The man is her father. You met him last week.
➔ The man who you met last week is her father.
7. Carta has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.
➔ Carta has a sister whose name is Juma.
8. Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.
➔ Show me the new hats which you brought them last night.
9. Huyen likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.
➔ Huyen likes the blue T-shirt which my sister is wearing.
10. That is a company. It produces ring.
➔ That is a company which produces ring.
11. The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.
➔ The children were attracted by the show which was performed so many.
12. Linda bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive message.
➔ Linda bought a new phone which can be used to send and receive message yesterday.
13. Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.
➔ Tet is a festival which often happens in late January or early February.
14. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
➔ _______________________________________.
15. Cuong is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.
➔ Cuong is the boy who is giving my mom a gift.
1. The house which has been built in the forest doesn’t have electricity.
2. Do you know the man who is coming towards us?
3. I sent my parents some postcards which were not so expensive.
4. I come from a city which is located by the sea.
5. The soup that/ which I had for lunch was so delicious.
6The man whom you met last week is her father.
7. Carta has a sister whose nam is Juma.
8 Show me the new hats which you bought last night.
9. Huyen likes the blue T-shirt which my sister is wearing.
10. That is a company which produces ring.
11. The children were attracted by the show which was performed so many.
12. Linda bought a new phone yesterday which I can use to send and receive message.
13. Tet is a festival which often happens in late January or early February.
14. My best friend can compose songs which Ly sings very well.
15 Cuong is the boy who is giving my mom a gift.
Revision UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS
A.Revision
I.Relative Pronouns: who, that, which
II.Relative clauses ( Definite relative clauses and non definite relative clauses )
B.Exercises
Ex1: Choose the right wors in each sentences :
1- Hue, (which / that / where) was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1993, attracts
thousands of tourists every year.
2- Hue, (which / that / where) he spent his childhood, is well known for beauty spots.
3- Hue is the city (in which / that / where) attracted a lot of tourists to the 2000 Hue Festival.
4- The woman (who / where / whom) lives next door is both my neighbor and a colleague of mine.
5- I’ve received a postcard from Sally, (who / which / that) used to live next door.
6- There is someone at the door (where / who / which) wants to speak to you.
7- I live in the country (where / which it / that) exports rice.
8- I will provide free help for cities and villages, (where / which who) have just been hit by a tidal wave
9- The room, (which / that / where) there are a lot of posters on the walls, belonged to our eldest son.
10- Storms & earthquakes (where / who / which) kill thousands of people each year are natural disasters.
