Insert it is/there is in the spaces. In some sentences, contracted plural, negative and interrogative forms, or the past or future tense are required.

1 What's the time? - ... ... 3.30. ~ And what's the date? ~ . . . . . . the 24th.

2 How far... ...to York? ~ . . . . . . 50 miles.

3 ... ... very stormy last night. ~ Yes, ... ... storms all over the country.

4 ... ... freezing very hard. ... ... ...ice on the lake tomorrow.

5 As... ... sunny she decided to take the children to the sea.

6 Why don't you go for a walk? . . . . . . a pity to stay in when . . . . . . so nice outside.

7 ... ... not any shadows because ... ... not any sun.

8 ... ... going to be a bus strike tomorrow. ~ ... ... ...all right if ... ... a fine day; but if ... ... wet ... ... ...long queues on the Underground.

9 ... ... not any glass in the windows; that is why . . . . . . so cold in the room.

10 ... ... very wet yesterday; ... ... impossible to go out.

11 ... ...a lot of rain last week. ... ... floods everywhere.12 ... ...a thick fog last night. ... ... several accidents on the motorway.

13 ... ... foolish to drive fast when ... ... foggy.

14 ... ... difficult to find your way round this town. . . . . . . so many streets all looking exactly alike.

15 Come on, children! ... ... time to get up! ... ... nearly breakfast time.

Insert it is/there is in the spaces. In some sentences, contracted plural, negative and interrogative forms, or the past or future tense are required.

16 . .. . .. ... lunch time when we get to York, so let's have lunch there.~No, ... ... not be time for lunch because our train to Edinburgh leaves York at 13.15.

17 ... ...a funny smell here. ... ... turpentine?

18 ... ...all sorts of stories about Robin Hood, but ... ... not known exactly who he was or what he did.

19 ... ... said that if you break a mirror you'll be unlucky for seven years.

20 As he had very bad sight ... ... difficult for him to recognize people.

21 Can I have a Telegraph, please? said the customer. Im afraid ... ... not any left said the newsagent. But . . . . . . a Guardian on the rack beside you. Why not take that? ... ... just as good.;

22 ... ... not necessary to carry your passport everywhere with you but ... ... advisable to carry some document of identity.

23 ... ...a guard outside the door and ... ... bars on the windows. ... ... impossible to escape.

24 ... ...a garage behind the hotel? ~ Yes, but ... ... rather full. I don't think ... ... room for your car.

25 One night . . . . . . a heavy fall of snow which blocked all the roads. Luckily ... ... plenty of food in the house.

26 ... ...a hotel in the village, so we decided to stay there. . . . . . . a charming village and I was very happy there, but my children were bored because ... ... nothing to do in the evenings.

27 ... ... five flats in the building—one on each floor. Mine's on the top floor. . . . . . . no lift but ... ...supposed to be good for the figure to run up and down stairs, . . . . . .?

28 ... ...a pity you haven't  another bedroom. ~ Yes, but ... ... quite a big loft, which I am thinking of turning into a bedroom. . . . . . . a skylight so ... ... not . . . a ventilation problem.

29 ... ...all sorts of legends about these caves. ... ... said that smugglers hid their goods here and that . . .. . . an underground passage leading to the village inn.

30 Tell me something about King Lear. ~ ………... the story of a king who divided his kingdom between his daughters. ... ... foolish to give away your property like that. . . . . . . never certain that your family will behave generously to you in return.

31 Has Tom any more children?~ Yes. . . . . , . a daughter, Ann.~ Oh yes, ... ... Ann who opened the door to us yesterday, . . . . . .?

32 He thought that ... ... better to say nothing about his change of plan.

33 . .. ...a long time before I got an answer. Then one day a letter arrived—well, ... ... not really a letter,... ... only one sentence on the paper.

34 ... ...a pond beside your house? - Yes, . . . . . . ~ How deep . . . . . .?

35 We'e done all we can. ... ... nothing to do now but wait.

36 Just cross out that word and go on.... ... not necessary to begin again. (or... ...no need to begin again.)

Listen and circle what you hear: contracted or full forms. Then practise saying these conversations in pairs.

1. A: What's/What is the topic of today's discussion?

    B: We'll/We will talk about the generation gap.

2. A: Don't you/Do you not live with your grandparents?

    B: No, I don't/do not.

3. A: I'm not sure who'll/who will be the next presenter? Will you speak next?

   B: Yes. I'll/ I will.

2. Change into Negative/ Interrogative form.

a. There are some bananas in the fridge. (Negative)

b. There is some bread in the fridge. (Negative)

c. There are some beautiful flowers in the garden. (Interrogative)

d. There is some cheese in the cupboard. (Interrogative)

Listen and complete the conversation. Then underline the weak forms of the auxiliary verbs, circle the contracted forms, and mark the consonant-to-vowel linking with (‿). Practise saying the conversation in pairs.

A: What's it like living (1) _________ skyscraper?

B: (2) __________ great. I (3) __________ enjoy the best views (4) ___________ the city from my sofa.

A: (5) __________ have a balcony?

B: No, (6) ___________. (7) ___________ huge windows.

Example:

there are four (1)...................in a year.They (2)...............spring,summer,fall and (3).............In the spring, the weather is ususlly warm.Sometime it is cold (4)..........not very cold.There (5)...........many flowers in the spring.In the summer,the day is long and the night is short.people often(6)...........swimming in this season.The fall is the season of fruits.In the winter,it's usually very(7) .............The day is short and the (8)..........is long

1. how many seasons are there in a year?

2.what are they?

3.is it usually warm in the spring?

4. what are there in the spring?

5. is the day long or short in the summer?

6 is the day long or short in the winter?

7. what's the weather like in the winter

8.what do people often do in the summer?

9.is the fall the seeson of fruits?

10.is the night short in the winter?

(thanks )

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Although bioluminescence is a relatively complicated process, it can be reduced to simple terms. Living light occurs when luciferin and oxygen combine in the presence of luciferase. In a few cases, fireflies the most common, an additional compound called ATP is required.

The earliest recorded experiments with bioluminescence in the late 1800s are attributed to Raphael Dubois, who extracted a luminous fluid from a clam, observing that it continued to glow in the test tube for several minutes. He named the substance luciferin, which means “the bearer of life”. In further research, Dubois discovered that several chemicals were required for bioluminescence to occur. In his notes, it was recorded that a second important substance, which he called luciferase, was always present. In later study of small, luminous sea creatures, Newton Harley concluded that luciferin was composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are the building blocks of all living cells. He also proved that there are a variety of luciferin and luciferase, specific to the plants and animals that produce them.

Much remains unknown, but many scientists who are studying bioluminescence now believe that the origin of the phenomenon may be traced to a time when there was no oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. When oxygen was gradually introduced to the atmosphere, it was actually poisonous to life forms, plants and animals produced light to use up the oxygen in a gradual but necessary adaptation. It is speculated that millions of years ago, all life may have produced light to survive. As the millennia passed, life forms on Earth became tolerant of, and finally dependent on oxygen, and the adaptation that produced bioluminescence was no longer necessary, but some primitive plants and animals continued to use the light for new functions such as mating or attracting prey.

Question 36: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. Cold light

B. Luciferase

C. Primitive plants and animals

D. Earth’s atmosphere

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Although bioluminescence is a relatively complicated process, it can be reduced to simple terms. Living light occurs when luciferin and oxygen combine in the presence of luciferase. In a few cases, fireflies the most common, an additional compound called ATP is required.

The earliest recorded experiments with bioluminescence in the late 1800s are attributed to Raphael Dubois, who extracted a luminous fluid from a clam, observing that it continued to glow in the test tube for several minutes. He named the substance luciferin, which means “the bearer of life”. In further research, Dubois discovered that several chemicals were required for bioluminescence to occur. In his notes, it was recorded that a second important substance, which he called luciferase, was always present. In later study of small, luminous sea creatures, Newton Harley concluded that luciferin was composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are the building blocks of all living cells. He also proved that there are a variety of luciferin and luciferase, specific to the plants and animals that produce them.

Much remains unknown, but many scientists who are studying bioluminescence now believe that the origin of the phenomenon may be traced to a time when there was no oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. When oxygen was gradually introduced to the atmosphere, it was actually poisonous to life forms, plants and animals produced light to use up the oxygen in a gradual but necessary adaptation. It is speculated that millions of years ago, all life may have produced light to survive. As the millennia passed, life forms on Earth became tolerant of, and finally dependent on oxygen, and the adaptation that produced bioluminescence was no longer necessary, but some primitive plants and animals continued to use the light for new functions such as mating or attracting prey.

Question38: The word “primitive” is closest meaning to ______.

A. very old

B. very large

C. very important

D. very common

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Although bioluminescence is a relatively complicated process, it can be reduced to simple terms. Living light occurs when luciferin and oxygen combine in the presence of luciferase. In a few cases, fireflies the most common, an additional compound called ATP is required.

The earliest recorded experiments with bioluminescence in the late 1800s are attributed to Raphael Dubois, who extracted a luminous fluid from a clam, observing that it continued to glow in the test tube for several minutes. He named the substance luciferin, which means “the bearer of life”. In further research, Dubois discovered that several chemicals were required for bioluminescence to occur. In his notes, it was recorded that a second important substance, which he called luciferase, was always present. In later study of small, luminous sea creatures, Newton Harley concluded that luciferin was composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are the building blocks of all living cells. He also proved that there are a variety of luciferin and luciferase, specific to the plants and animals that produce them.

Much remains unknown, but many scientists who are studying bioluminescence now believe that the origin of the phenomenon may be traced to a time when there was no oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. When oxygen was gradually introduced to the atmosphere, it was actually poisonous to life forms, plants and animals produced light to use up the oxygen in a gradual but necessary adaptation. It is speculated that millions of years ago, all life may have produced light to survive. As the millennia passed, life forms on Earth became tolerant of, and finally dependent on oxygen, and the adaptation that produced bioluminescence was no longer necessary, but some primitive plants and animals continued to use the light for new functions such as mating or attracting prey.

Question 41: Bioluminescence is described as all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. a complex chemicals process

B. an adaptation of early plants and animals to the environment

C. a form of cold light

D. a poisonous substance