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Hóa 8 - Nung nóng 47,4 gam KMnO4 một thời gian thu được 44,2 gam chất rắn A và V lít khí O2 | Cộng đồng học sinh Việt Nam - HOCMAI Forum

Gọi số mol KClO₃, KMnO₄ trong mỗi phần là a, b (mol)

Phần 1:

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

m_Y = 122,5a + 158b - 0,1.32 = 122,5a + 158b - 3,2 (g)

Bảo toàn O: \(n_{O\left(Y\right)}=3a+4b-0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\%O=\dfrac{16\left(3a+4b-0,2\right)}{122,5a+158b-3,2}.100\%=34,5\%\)

=> 5,7375a + 9,49b = 2,096 (1)

Phần 2:

PTHH: 2KClO₃ --t^o--> 2KCl + 3O₂

                a----------->a

            2KMnO₄ --t^o--> K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂

                b------------>0,5b------>0,5b

=> 74,5a + 142b = 29,1 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.122,5}{0,2.122,5+0,1.158}.100\%=60,8\%\\\%m_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.158}{0,2.122,5+0,1.158}.100\%=39,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

1) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

m_A = m_KMnO4(bđ) - m_O2 = 79 - 0,15.32 = 74,2 (g)

PTHH: 2KMnO₄ --t^o--> K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂

               0,3<-----------0,15<----0,15<---0,15

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,3.158}{79}.100\%=60\%\)

2) 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.197}{74,2}.100\%=39,825\%\\\%m_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{0,15.87}{74,2}.100\%=17,588\%\\\%m_{KMnO_4\left(không.pư\right)}=\dfrac{79-0,3.158}{74,2}.100\%=42,587\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

3) \(n_{KMnO_4\left(không.pư\right)}=\dfrac{79}{158}-0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2KMnO₄ + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl₂ + 5Cl₂ + 8H₂O

                 0,2----------------------------------->0,5

             K₂MnO₄ + 8HCl --> 2KCl + MnCl₂ + 2Cl₂ + 4H₂O

                 0,15-------------------------------->0,3

              MnO₂ + 4Hcl --> MnCl₂ + Cl₂ + 2H₂O

                0,15------------------->0,15

=> \(V_{Cl_2}=22,4\left(0,5+0,3+0,15\right)=21,28\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{79}{158}=0,5mol\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)

\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

0,5                                                  0,15

a)\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,15\cdot197=29,55g\)

\(m_{MnO_2}=0,15\cdot87=13,05g\)

\(m_{CRắn}=m_{KMnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}=29,55+13,05=42,6g\)

\(n_{KMnO_4pư}=0,15\cdot2=0,3mol\)

\(H=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}\cdot100\%=60\%\)

b)\(m_{O_2}=0,15\cdot32=4,8g\)

\(\%m_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{29,55}{42,6}\cdot100\%=69,37\%\)

\(\%m_{MnO_2}=100\%-69,37\%=30,63\%\)

a)      \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^0}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

b)     Đặt x là số mol của \(KMnO_4\)

        \(\Rightarrow n_{K_2MnO_4}=\frac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=\frac{1}{2}x\)

Ta có : \(m_{KMnO_4}-m_{K_2MnO_4}=2,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow158x-\frac{197}{2}x=2,4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\approx0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,04\times158=6,32\left(g\right)\)

\(a,PTHH:2KMnO_4\rightarrow^{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\\ b,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,3\cdot32=9,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4\left(bđ\right)}=m_{\text{chất rắn}}+m_{O_2}=109,6\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{MnO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{MnO_2}=0,3\cdot87=26,1\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{26,1}{100}\cdot100\%=26,1\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{KMnO_4}=100\%-26,1\%=73,9\%\)