\(cos\left(\alpha-\beta\right)=x_M\cdot x_N=cos\alpha\cdot cos\beta+sin\alpha\cdot sin\beta\\ cos\left(\alpha+\beta\right)=cos\left[\alpha-\left(-\beta\right)\right]=cos\alpha\cdot cos\left(-\beta\right)+sin\alpha\cdot sin\left(-\beta\right)=cos\alpha\cdot cos\beta-sin\alpha\cdot sin\beta\)

a) \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=6\left(1-c\right)\)

b) \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=-21\)

c) \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=0\)

a) Ta có:  \(\overrightarrow {OM}  = \left( {2;1} \right),\overrightarrow {MN}  = \left( { - 3;2} \right),\overrightarrow {MP}  = \left( {2;1} \right)\)

b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {MN} .\overrightarrow {MP}  =  - 3.2 + 2.1 =  - 4\)

c) Ta có: \(MN = \left| {\overrightarrow {MN} } \right| = \sqrt {{{\left( { - 3} \right)}^2} + {2^2}}  = \sqrt {13} ,MP = \left| {\overrightarrow {MP} } \right| = \sqrt {{2^2} + {1^2}}  = \sqrt 5 \)

d) Ta có:  \(\cos \widehat {MNP} = \frac{{\overrightarrow {MN} .\overrightarrow {MP} }}{{\left| {\overrightarrow {MN} } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow {MP} } \right|}} = \frac{- 4}{{\sqrt {13} .\sqrt 5 }} = \frac{- 4}{{\sqrt {65} }}\)

e) Tọa độ trung điểm I của đoạn NP là: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{x_I} = \frac{{{x_N} + {x_P}}}{2} = \frac{3}{2}\\{y_I} = \frac{{{y_N} + {y_P}}}{2} = \frac{5}{2}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow I\left( {\frac{3}{2};\frac{5}{2}} \right)\)

Tọa độ trọng tâm G của tam giác MNP là: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{x_G} = \frac{{{x_M} + {x_N} + {x_P}}}{3}\\{y_G} = \frac{{{y_M} + {y_N} + {y_P}}}{3}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{x_G} = \frac{5}{3}\\{y_C} = 2\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow G\left( {\frac{5}{3};2} \right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{a}\) . \(\overrightarrow{b}\) = ( -3) . 2 + 1.2 = -4

\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2=\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|^2+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2+2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(=5^2+12^2+2.5.12.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=169+120cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)=13^2\)
Suy ra: \(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=0\).
\(\overrightarrow{a}\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\left(\overrightarrow{a}\right)^2+\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=5^2+5.12.0=25\).
Mặt khác \(\overrightarrow{a}\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|.\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=5.13.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\).
Vì vậy \(25=5.13.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\).
\(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\dfrac{5}{13}\).
Vậy góc giữa hai véc tơ \(\overrightarrow{a}\) và \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\) là \(\alpha\) sao cho \(cos\alpha=\dfrac{5}{13}\).

\(\overrightarrow{a}\perp\overrightarrow{b}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=0\)

\(\left(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=2a^2+2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}-b^2\)

\(=2a^2-b^2+\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\)

\(=2.1-2+0=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\perp\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)

a) \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=\left(2;-2\right)+\left(1;4\right)=\left(3;2\right)\).
\(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}=\left(2;-2\right)-\left(1;4\right)=\left(1;-6\right)\).
\(2\overrightarrow{a}+3\overrightarrow{b}=2\left(2;-2\right)+3\left(1;4\right)=\left(4;-4\right)+\left(3;12\right)\)\(=\left(7;8\right)\).
c) Gọi x và y là hai số thực để:
\(\overrightarrow{c}=x\overrightarrow{a}+y\overrightarrow{b}=x\left(2;-2\right)+y\left(1;4\right)=\left(2x+y;-2x+4y\right)\)
Từ đó suy ra: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=5\\-2x+4y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\).
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{c}=2\overrightarrow{a}+1\overrightarrow{b}\).

a) cos(; ) = = 0

=> (; ) = 90⁰

b) cos(; ) = =

=> (; ) = 45⁰

c) cos(; ) = =

=> (; ) = 150⁰

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