Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)

PTHH:

\(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

b--------------->0,5b

\(2Mg+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2MgO\)

a---------------->a

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\40a+102b=9,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,1\left(mol\right)\left(TM\right)\)\

PTHH:

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

0,1----------------------------->0,1

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)+3H_2\uparrow\)

0,1----------------------------------->0,15

=> V = (0,1 + 0,15).22,4 = 5,6 (l)

a) 

Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

Fe₂O₃ + 6HCl --> 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂O

MgCl₂ + 2KOH + 2KCl + Mg(OH)₂

FeCl₃ + 3KOH --> 3KCl + Fe(OH)₃

Mg(OH)₂ --t^o--> MgO + H₂O

2Fe(OH)₃ --t^o--> Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂O

b) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe₂O₃ là a, b (mol)

Theo PTHH: \(a=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=a=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{Fe_2O_3\left(chất.rắn.sau.khi.nung\right)}=\dfrac{22-0,15.40}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe_2O_3\left(bđ\right)}=n_{Fe_2O_3\left(chất.rắn.sau.khi.nung\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> b = 0,1 (mol)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{0,15.24+0,1.160}.100\%=18,37\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{0,15.24+0,1.160}.100\%=81,63\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0,25.1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Cho X vào dung dịch `H_2SO_4` loãng:

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

0,025<-----------------------0,025

a. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,025.100\%}{11,8}=11,86\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{\left(11,8-0,025.56\right).100\%}{11,8}=88,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b. \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{11,8-0,025.56}{64}=0,1625\left(mol\right)\)

Cũng lượng X trên cho vào dung dịch `H_2SO_4` đặc nóng:

Giả sử Fe tác dụng hết với dung dịch \(H_2SO_{4.đn}\)

\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4.đn}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\)

0,025----------------------------------->0,0375

\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4.đn}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)

0,1625--------------------------->0,1625

\(\Sigma n_{SO_2}=0,0375+0,1625=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Có: \(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{SO_2}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,2}=1,25\)

=> Phản ứng giữa `NaOH` và `SO_2` tạo muối axit trước (tỉ lệ 1:1)

\(SO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHSO_3\)

0,2---->0,2------->0,2

Xét \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow\) NaOH dư.

\(n_{NaOH.dư}=0,25-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(NaOH+NaHSO_3\rightarrow Na_2SO_3+H_2O\)

0,05----->0,05---------->0,05

Xét \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow NaHSO_3.dư\)

Sau phản ứng thu được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaHSO_3}=0,2-0,05=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{muối}=0,15.104+0,05.126=21,9=m_{muối.thu.được.theo.đề}\)

=> Giả sử đúng.

\(\Rightarrow V=V_{SO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

Gọi \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=a\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Cu}=3a\left(mol\right)\)

\(232a+64.3a=21,2\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=125.14,6\%=18,25\left(g\right)\)

PTHH:

Fe₃O₄ + 8HCl ---> FeCl₂ + 2FeCl₃ + 4H₂O

0,05------>0,4------->0,05---->0,1

\(m_X=0,05.3.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd}=232.0,05+125=136,6\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{136,6}.100\%=4,65\%\\C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.162,5}{136,6}.100\%=11,9\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{18,25-0,4.36,5}{136,6}=2,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)