n O 2  còn lại tác dụng Fe là: 0,03 – 0,01 = 0,02 mol

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0.48}{24}=0.02\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0.672}{22.4}=0.03\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2MgO\)

\(0.02...0.01\)

\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Fe_3O_4\)

\(0.03...\left(0.03-0.01\right)\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.03\cdot56=1.68\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{hh}=1.68+0.48=2.16\left(g\right)\)

a,đổi.672ml=0,672l

tổng.số.mol.O2.cần.dùng.là:n=V/22,4=0,672/22,4=0,03(mol)

(1)3Fe+2O2--->Fe3O4

(2)2Mg+O2--->2MgO

số.mol.Mg.dùng.trong.PƯ.là:n=m/M=0,48/24=0,02(mol)

theo.PT(.2,)số.mol.O2.cần.dùng.để.tham.gia.PƯ.là:0,02x1:2=0,01(mol)

=>số.mol.O2.dùng.cho.PƯ.(1).là:0,03-0,01=0,02(mol)

theo.PT.(1),số.mol.Fe.là:0,02x3:2=0,03(mol)

Khối.lượng.sắt.là:0,03x56=1,68(g)

khối.lượng.hỗn.hợp.ban.đầu.là.:0,48+1,68=2,16(g)

b,%Fe=1,68x100/2,16=77,(7)%

=>%Mg=100%-77,(7)%=22,(2)%

c,làm.theo.định.luật.bảo.toàn.khối.lượng.nha.bạn.dễ.ợt.:v

PTHH: \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)  (1)

            \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)  (2)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,375\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2\left(1\right)}+n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{16,8}{22,4}=0,75\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,375\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,75\cdot24}{0,75\cdot24+13,5}\cdot100\%\approx57,14\%\)

4Al + 3O2 => 2Al2O3

2Mg + O2 => 2MgO

giải hệ 27x+24y= 15,6

0,75x+0,5y= 0,4

=> x= 0,4 ;y= 0,2

=> mAl = 0,4.27 = 10,8(g)

%Al = \(\frac{10,8}{15,6}.100\%=69,23\%\)

=> %Mg = 100%- 69,23% = 30,77%

3Fe+2O2= Fe3O4 (1)

2Mg+O2= 2MgO (2)

n_Mg= 0,48:24= 0,02 mol

theo (2), n_O2= 1/2 n_Mg= 0,01 mol

mà tổng số mol cần dùng là 0,672:22,4= 0,03 mol

=> n_O2 ở (1) = 0,02 mol

theo (1), n_Fe= 3/2 n_O2= 0,03 mol

=> m_Fe= 0,03. 56= 1,68 g

✿Tu lam trong SGK

PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)  (1)

            \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)  (2)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=1,425\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=2,85\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,85\cdot24}{2,85\cdot24+2,7}\cdot100\%\approx96,2\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=3,8\%\) 

\(n_{O_2} =\dfrac{33,6}{22,4} = 1,5(mol)\\ n_{Al} = \dfrac{2,7}{27} = 0,1(mol)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg} + \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg} = 2,85(mol)\)

Vậy :

\(\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{2,85.24}{2,85.24 + 2,7}.100\% = 96,2\%\\ \%m_{Al} = 100\% - 96,2\% = 3,8\%\)

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Mg}=0,6.24=14,4\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{Cu}=50-14,4=35,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{14,4}{50}.100=28,8\%\\\%Cu=\dfrac{35,6}{50}.100=71,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n\)_H2 =\(\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}\) =0,6(mol)
PTHH:
Mg +HCl →MgCl₂ + H₂
0,6 mol                 ←0,6 mol
a) \(m\)_Mg =0,6. 24 =14,4(g)
    \(m\)_Cu= 50- 14,4= 35,6(g)
b)\(m\)%_Mg= \(\dfrac{14,4}{50}\).100%= 28,8%
   \(m\)%_Cu=100%- 28,8%= 71,2%