a)

$C_2H_4 + Br_2 \to C_2H_4Br_2$

$CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O$

$CO_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCO_3 + H_2O$

b) Theo PTHH : 

$n_{C_2H_4} = n_{Br_2} = \dfrac{8}{160} = 0,05(mol)$
$n_{CH_4} = n_{CaCO_3} = \dfrac{15}{100} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%V_{C_2H_4} = \dfrac{0,05}{0,05 + 0,15}.100\% = 25\%$
$\%V_{CH_4} = 100\% - 25\% = 75\%$

a)

\(C_2H_4 + Br_2 \to C_2H_4Br_2\\ CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O\\ CO_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCO_3 + H_2O\)

b)

\(n_{CH_4} = n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCO_3} = \dfrac{20}{100} = 0,2(mol)\\ \%V_{CH_4} = \dfrac{0,2.22,4}{6,72}.100\% = 66,67\%\\ \%V_{C_2H_4} = 100\% -66,67\% = 33,33\%\)

Gọi n CH4 = a(mol) ; n C2H4 = b(mol) ; n C2H2 = c(mol)

=> 16a + 28b + 26c = 4,3(1)

$C_2H_4 + Br_2 \to C_2H_4Br_2$
$C_2H_2 + 2Br_2 \to C_2H_2Br_4$

n Br2 = b + 2c = 0,15(2)

Mặt khác : 

m H2O = m tăng = 12,6 gam

=> n H2O = 0,7(mol)

n X = 8,96/22,4 = 0,4(mol)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố với H : 

n H2O = 2n CH4 + 2n C2H4 + n C2H2

Ta có : 

\(\dfrac{n_X}{n_{H_2O}} = \dfrac{a + b + c}{2a + 2b + c} = \dfrac{0,4}{0,7}(3)\)

Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra a = 0,1 ; b = 0,05 ; c = 0,05

%V CH4 = 0,1/(0,1 + 0,05 + 0,05) .100% = 50%

%V C2H4  = %V C2H2 = 0,05/(0,1 + 0,05 + 0,05)  .100% = 25%

a) 

CH₄ + 2O₂ --t^o--> CO₂ + 2H₂O

C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2CO₂ + 2H₂O

b) Gọi số mol CH₄, C₂H₄ là a, b (mol)

=> \(a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\) 

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{100}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Khí thoát ra khỏi bình là CH₄

PTHH: CH₄ + 2O₂ --t^o--> CO₂ + 2H₂O

             a---------------->a

            Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ --> CaCO₃ + H₂O

                              0,2<------0,2

=> a = 0,2 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}.100\%=66,67\%\\\%V_{C_2H_4}=100\%-66,67\%=33,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) b = 0,1 (mol)

CH₄ + 2O₂ --t^o--> CO₂ + 2H₂O

0,2--------------->0,2----->0,4

C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2CO₂ + 2H₂O

0,1----------------->0,2---->0,2

Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ --> CaCO₃ + H₂O

                0,4------>0,4

=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,4.100=40\left(g\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO_2}=44\left(0,2+0,2\right)=17,6\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=\left(0,4+0,2\right).18=10,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét \(\Delta m=m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}-m_{CaCO_3}=17,6+10,8-40=-11,6\left(g\right)\)

=> Khối lượng dd giảm 11,6 gam

1.Khí thoát ra là CH4 nCH4=0,1 mol mà tổng n khí=0,15 mol

=>nC2H2=0,05 mol

C2H2+2Br2 =>C2H2Br4

%VCH4=0,1/0,15.100%=66,67%

%VC2H2=33,33%

CH4+2O2=>CO2+2H2O

C2H2+5/2O2=>2CO2+H2O

Tổng mol O2=0,1.2+0,05.2,5=0,325 mol

=>VO2=0,325.22,4=7,28l

=>Vkk=7,28/20%=36,4lít

2.

C2H2        +2Br2=>C2H2Br4

0,025 mol<=0,05 mol

CH4+2O2=>CO2+2H2O
nCaCO3=nCO2=0,15 mol=>nCH4=0,15 mol

nBr2=8/160=0,05 mol=>nC2H2=0,025 mol

%VCH4=0,15/0,175.100%=85,71%

%VC2H2=14,29%
3.

nCO2=11,2/22,4=0,5 mol

C6H12O6=>2C2H5OH +2CO2

0,25 mol<=0,5 mol<=0,5 mol

mC2H5OH=0,5.46=23g

nC6H12O6=(0,5/2)/80%=0,3125 mol

=>m glucozo bđ=0,3125.180=56,25g

PTHH: \(CH_4+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)=n_{CH_4}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_4}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_2}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a+b=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}-0,075=0,15\)  (1)

PTHH: \(C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\)

            \(C_2H_2+2Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_4\)

Theo PTHH: \(28a+26b=4,1\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{C_2H_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{C_2H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(n_{hh}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,075}{0,225}\cdot100\%\approx33,33\%\\\%V_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,225}\cdot100\%\approx44,44\%\\\%V_{C_2H_2}=22,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{hhk}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\)

`->` Khí thoát ra là CH₄

\(CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CO_2+2H_2O\)

0,2                              0,2             ( mol )

\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)

                       0,2         0,2                  ( mol )

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{100}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}.100=66,67\%\)

\(\%V_{C_2H_4}=100-66,67=33,33\%\)

\(C_4H_{10}\underrightarrow{cracking}X\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_3H_6+CH_4\\C_2H_4+C_2H_6\\C_4H_{10\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\underrightarrow{ddBr_2}Y\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CH_4\\C_2H_6\\C_4H_{10\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

m _{bình tăng} = m_anken = 8,4 (g)

Coi hỗn hợp anken là CH₂.

Ta có: \(n_{CH_2}=\dfrac{8,4}{14}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2CH_2+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+2H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{CH_2}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)

\(2C_4H_{10}+13O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}8CO_2+10H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13}{2}n_{C_4H_{10}}=2,6\left(mol\right)\)

Có: n_{O2 (đốt cháy C4H10)} = n_{O2 (đốt cháy anken)} + n_{O2 (đốt cháy ankan Y)}

⇒ n_{O2 (đốt cháy Y)} = 2,6 - 0,9 = 1,7 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1,7.22,4=38,08\left(l\right)\)

a, \(C_2H_2+2Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_4\)

\(n_{Br_2}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Br_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{C_2H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{CH_4}=3,36-1,12=2,24\left(l\right)\)

b, \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)

\(2C_2H_2+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}4CO_2+2H_2O\)

\(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=2n_{CH_4}+\dfrac{5}{2}n_{C_2H_2}=0,325\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,325.22,4=7,28\left(l\right)\Rightarrow V_{kk}=5V_{O_2}=36,4\left(l\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CH_4}+2n_{C_2H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)