11: \(2x^2-12xy+18y^2\)

\(=2\left(x^2-6xy+9y^2\right)\)

\(=2\left(x-3y\right)^2\)

12: \(\left(x^2+x\right)^2+3\left(x^2+x\right)+2\)

\(=\left(x^2+x+2\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

Lời giải:

$3x^2+x=4y^2+y$

$\Leftrightarrow 4(y^2-x^2)+(y-x)=-x^2$

$\Leftrightarrow (y-x)[4(x+y)+1]=x^2$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-y)[4(x+y)+1]=x^2$

Gọi $d=(x-y, 4x+4y+1)$

Khi đó: $x-y\vdots d(1); 4x+4y+1\vdots d(2)$. Mà $x^2=(x-y)(4x+4y+1)$ nên $x^2\vdots d^2$
$\Rightarrow x\vdots d(3)$.

Từ $(1); (3)\Rightarrow y\vdots d$

Từ $x,y\vdots d$ và $4x+4y+1\vdots d$ suy ra $1\vdots d$

$\Rightarrow d=1$

Vậy $x-y, 4x+4y+1$ nguyên tố cùng nhau. Mà tích của chúng là scp $(x^2)$ nên bản thân mỗi số trên cũng là scp.

Đặt $4x+4y+1=t^2$ với $t$ tự nhiên.

Khi đó: $A=2xy+4(x+y)^3+x^2+y^2=(x+y)^2+4(x+y)^3=(x+y)^2[1+4(x+y)]$

$=(x+y)^2t^2=[t(x+y)]^2$ là scp

Ta có đpcm.

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$\frac{47}{15}(3x^2+5y^2)=[(\sqrt{3}x)^2+(-\sqrt{5}y)^2][(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}})^2+(\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}})^2]\geq (2x-3y)^2$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{47}{15}(3x^2+5y^2)\geq 49$

$\Rightarrow 3x^2+5y^2\geq \frac{735}{47}$

Ta có đpcm.

_a)x=x

_b)x=x^1

\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11

e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2

a) x² ( x+ 2y) -x -2y

= x² ( x+ 2y) -(x+2y)

= (x²-1)(x+2y)

= (x-1)(x+1)(x+2y)

b)3x²- 3y² -2 (x-y)²

= 3(x²-y²) -2 (x-y)²

= 3(x-y)(x+y)-2(x-y)(x-y)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[3\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)\right]\\ =\left(x-y\right)\left(3x+3y-2x+2y\right)\\ =\left(x-y\right)\left(x+5y\right)\)

c) x²- 2x-4y² - 4y

= (x²-4y²)-(2x+4y)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)\\ =\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)

d) x³ - 4x² - 9x +36

= (x³+3x²)-(7x²+21x)+(12x+36)

= x²(x+3)-7x(x+3)+12(x+3)

=(x²-7x+12)(x+3)

\(=\left[\left(x^2-3x\right)-\left(4x-12\right)\right]\left(x+3\right)\\ =\left[x\left(x-3\right)-4\left(x-3\right)\right]\left(x+3\right)=\left(x-4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)

a) = x² ( x+ 2y) -(x+2y)

= (x²-1)(x+2y)

= (x-1)(x+1)(x+2y)

b)= 3(x²-y²) -2 (x-y)²

= 3(x-y)(x+y)-2(x-y)(x-y)

=(x−y)[3(x+y)−2(x−y)]

=(x−y)(3x+3y−2x+2y)

=(x−y)(x+5y)

=(x−y)[3(x+y)−2(x−y)]

=(x−y)(3x+3y−2x+2y)

=(x−y)(x+5y)

c)= (x²-4y²)-(2x+4y)

=(x−2y)(x+2y)−2(x+2y)

=(x+2y)(x−2y−2)

=(x−2y)(x+2y)−2(x+2y)

=(x+2y)(x−2y−2)

d)= (x³+3x²)-(7x²+21x)+(12x+36)

= x²(x+3)-7x(x+3)+12(x+3)

=(x²-7x+12)(x+3)

=[(x2−3x)−(4x−12)](x+3)

=[x(x−3)−4(x−3)](x+3)

=(x−4)(x−3)(x+3)

a: \(x^2\left(x+2y\right)-x-2y\)

\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

b: \(3x^2-3y^2-2\left(x-y\right)^2\)

\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x+3y-2x+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+5y\right)\)

c: Ta có: \(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)

d: Ta có: \(x^3-4x^2-9x+36\)

\(=x^2\left(x-4\right)-9\left(x-4\right)\)

\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-9\right)\)

\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)

Lời giải:
Theo bài ra ta có:

$3x=2y; 4y=5z$
$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}; \frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{4}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}$

Đặt $\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}=k$

$\Rightarrow x=10k; y=15k; z=12k$
Khi đó:

$3x^2-y^2+z^2=876$

$\Rightarrow 3(10k)^2-(15k)^2+(12k)^2=876$

$\Rightarrow 219k^2=876$

$\Rightarrow k^2=4$
$\Rightarrow k=\pm 2$

Nếu $k=2$ thì $x=10k=20; y=15k=30; z=12k=24$

Nếu $k=-2$ thì $x=10k=-20; y=15k=-30; z=12k=-24$