a) Xét m_C : m_H : m_O = 64,865% : 13,51% : 21,625%

=> n_C : n_H : n_O = \(\dfrac{64,865}{12}:\dfrac{13,51}{1}:\dfrac{21,625}{16}=4:10:1\)

=> CTPT: (C₄H₁₀O)_n hay C_4nH_10nO_n ( n thuộc N*)

Xét độ bất bão hòa \(=\dfrac{2.4n+2-10n}{2}=\dfrac{2-2n}{2}=1-n\ge0\)

=> n = 1

Vậy CTPT: C₄H₁₀O

CTCT: 

(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2OH\)

(2) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(OH\right)-CH_3\)

(3) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2OH\)

(4) \(CH_3-C\left(OH\right)\left(CH_3\right)-CH_3\)

(5) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3\)

(6) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-O-CH_3\)

(7) \(CH_3-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3\)

b) Xét m_C : m_H : m_N = 61,017% : 15,254% : 23,729%

=> \(n_C:n_H:n_N=\dfrac{61,017}{12}:\dfrac{15,254}{1}:\dfrac{23,729}{14}=3:9:1\)

=> CTPT: (C₃H₉N)_n hay C_3nH_9nN_n ( n thuộc N*)

Xét độ bất bão hòa \(\dfrac{2.3n+2-9n+n}{2}=1-n\)

=> n = 1

=> CTPT: C₃H₉N

CTCT:

(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-NH_2\)

(2) \(CH_3-CH\left(NH_2\right)-CH_3\)

(3) \(CH_3-CH_2-NH-CH_3\)

(4) \(\left(CH_3\right)N\)

a) 

\(CTTQ:C_aH_bO_z\left(a,b,z:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Ta.có:a:b:z=\dfrac{64,865\%}{12}:\dfrac{13,51\%}{1}:\dfrac{100\%-\left(64,865\%+13,51\%\right)}{16}\\ =0,054:0,1351:0,0135=4:10:1\\ \Rightarrow a=4;b=10;z=1\\ \Rightarrow CTPT:C_4H_{10}O\\ CTCT:CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-OH\left(1\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2-OH\left(2\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(CH_3\right)-OH\left(3\right)\\ CH_3-C\left(OH\right)-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_3\left(4\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3\left(5\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-O-CH_3\left(6\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3\left(7\right)\)

Gọi tên:

(1) Ancol butylic

(2) 2 - metylpropan - 1 - ol

(3) Butan - 2 - ol

(4) 2 - metylpropan - 2 - ol

(5) metylpropyl ete

(6) Isopropylmetyl ete

(7) Đietyl ete

\(b,CTTQ:C_uH_vN_s\left(u,v,s:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Ta.có:u:v:s=\dfrac{61,017\%}{12}:\dfrac{15,254\%}{1}:\dfrac{100\%-\left(61,017\%+15,254\%\right)}{14}\\ =0,051:0,15254:0,017=3:9:1\\ \Rightarrow u=3;v=9;s=1\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:C_3H_9N\\ CTCT:CH_3-\left[CH_2\right]_2-NH_2\left(1\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(NH_3\right)-CH_3\left(2\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-NH-CH_3\left(3\right)\\ \left(CH_3\right)_3N\left(4\right)\)

Gọi tên:

(1) Propan - 1 - amin

(2) Propan - 2 - amin

(3) N - metyletanamin

(4) Trimetyl amin

\(Đặt.CTTQ:Ca_pC_zO_r\left(p,z,r:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Vì:m_{Ca}:m_C:m_O=1:0,3:1,2\\ \Leftrightarrow40p:12z:16r=1:0,3:1,2\\ \Leftrightarrow p:z:r=\dfrac{1}{40}:\dfrac{0,3}{12}:\dfrac{1,2}{16}=\dfrac{1}{40}:\dfrac{1}{40}:\dfrac{3}{40}=1:1:3\\ \Rightarrow p=1;z=1;r=3\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:CaCO_3\)

M_X = 23.2 = 46(g/mol)

\(m_C=\dfrac{52,17.46}{100}=24\left(g\right)=>n_C=\dfrac{24}{12}=2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_H=\dfrac{13,05.46}{100}=6\left(g\right)=>n_H=\dfrac{6}{1}=6\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_O=\dfrac{34,78.46}{100}=16\left(g\right)=>n_O=\dfrac{16}{16}=1\left(mol\right)\)

=> CTHH: C₂H₆O

X gồm Ca , C và O

Gọi CTHH của X có dạng Ca_xC_yO_z

x:y:z = \(\dfrac{3,33}{40}\):\(\dfrac{1}{12}\):\(\dfrac{4}{16}\)= 1:1:3 , Mà M_X = 100 g/ mol 

=>CTHH của X là CaCO₃

theo như linh cảm thì là CaCO₃

\(\%O=100-64.86-13.51=21.63\%\)

\(CT:C_xH_yO_z\)

\(x:y:z=\dfrac{64.86}{12}:\dfrac{13.51}{1}:\dfrac{21.36}{16}=5.405:13.51:1.335=4:10:1\)

\(CT:C_4H_{10}O\)