\(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{b}{4};\frac{b}{2}=\frac{c}{5}\)và a+b+c=3
áp dụng cô si ta có:
+)\(\frac{a^5}{b^3}+\frac{a^3}{b}\ge\frac{2a^4}{b^2};\frac{b^5}{c^3}+\frac{b^3}{c}\ge\frac{2b^4}{c^2};\frac{c^5}{a^3}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{2c^4}{a^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^5}{b^3}+\frac{b^5}{c^3}+\frac{c^5}{a^3}\ge2\left(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\right)-\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\right)\)
+)\(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+a^2\ge\frac{2a^3}{b};\frac{b^4}{c^2}+b^2\ge\frac{2b^3}{c};\frac{c^4}{a^2}+c^2\ge\frac{2C^3}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\ge2\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\right)-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
+)\(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2a^2;\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2;\frac{c^3}{a}+ca\ge2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\ge\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}-a^2-b^2-c^2\right)\ge\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^5}{b^3}+\frac{b^5}{c^3}+\frac{c^5}{a^3}\ge\left(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\right)+\left(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}-\frac{a^3}{b}-\frac{b^3}{c}-\frac{c^3}{a}\right)\ge\left(\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{c^4}{a^2}\right)\)
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^4}{b^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^4}{c^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^4}{a^4}}\ge\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^4}{b^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^4}{b^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^4}{b^4}}+\frac{a}{b}+1\geq \frac{5a}{b}\)
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^4}{c^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^4}{c^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^4}{c^4}}+\frac{b}{c}+1\geq \frac{5b}{c}\)
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^4}{a^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^4}{a^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^4}{a^4}}+\frac{c}{a}+1\geq \frac{5c}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:
\(3\text{VT}\geq 4\text{VP}-3\)
Mà theo BĐT AM-GM: \(\text{VP}=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\geq 3\)
Do đó:
$3\text{VT}\geq 4\text{VP}-3\geq 3\text{VP}$
$\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \text{VP}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Cách khác:
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{b}}=x;\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{c}}=y;\sqrt[3]{\frac{c}{a}}=z\Rightarrow xyz=1,x>0,y>0,z>0\) (mục đích là khử căn)
Cần chứng minh: \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge x^3+y^3+z^3\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4\ge\sqrt[3]{xyz}\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
Do \(\sqrt[3]{xyz}\le\frac{x+y+z}{3}\). Vì vậy, nó đủ để chứng minh rằng:
\(3\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
Đến đây có nhiều hướng giải, sau đây là một vài hướng:
Hướng 1:
Sử dụng BĐT C-S:
\(3\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)=3\left(\frac{x^6}{x^2}+\frac{y^6}{y^2}+\frac{z^6}{z^2}\right)\ge\frac{3\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(\frac{x^4}{x}+\frac{y^4}{y}+\frac{z^4}{z}\right)}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\ge\frac{\frac{3\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x+y+z}}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{x+y+z}\ge\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Hướng 2:(Dùng SOS)
\(VT-VP=\sum\limits_{cyc} (x^2 +xy+y^2)(x-y)^2 \geq 0\)
Hướng 3: (Dùng S-S)
Giả sử \(z=min\left\{x,y,z\right\}\).
\(VT-VP=2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x^2+xz+y^2+yz+2z^2\right)\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
P/s:@Akai Haruma: Em nghĩ hướng này sẽ dễ suy luận hơn cách ghép cặp bằng AM-GM ạ! Cách kia hơi ảo diệu.
Rút gọn :
\(D=\left(\frac{a-b}{a^{\frac{3}{4}}+a^{\frac{1}{2}}.b^{\frac{1}{4}}}-\frac{a^{\frac{1}{2}}-b^{\frac{1}{2}}}{a^{\frac{1}{4}}+b^{\frac{1}{4}}}\right):\left(a^{\frac{1}{4}}-b^{\frac{1}{4}}\right)^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}\)
\(D=\left(\frac{a-b}{a^{\frac{3}{4}}+a^{\frac{1}{2}}.b^{\frac{1}{4}}}-\frac{a^{\frac{1}{2}}-b^{\frac{1}{2}}}{a^{\frac{1}{4}}+b^{\frac{1}{4}}}\right):\left(a^{\frac{1}{4}}-b^{\frac{1}{4}}\right)^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}\)
\(=\left[\frac{a-b}{a^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(a^{\frac{1}{4}}+b^{\frac{1}{4}}\right)}-\frac{a^{\frac{1}{2}}-b^{\frac{1}{2}}}{a^{\frac{1}{4}}+b^{\frac{1}{4}}}\right]:\left(a^{\frac{1}{4}}-b^{\frac{1}{4}}\right)^{-1}\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}}\)
\(=\frac{a-b-a+a^{\frac{1}{2}}.b^{\frac{1}{2}}}{a^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(a^{\frac{1}{4}}+b^{\frac{1}{4}}\right)}.\frac{1}{\left(a^{\frac{1}{4}}-b^{\frac{1}{4}}\right)}=\frac{b^{\frac{1}{2}}}{a^{\frac{1}{2}}}\frac{\left(a^{\frac{1}{4}}-b^{\frac{1}{4}}\right)}{\left(a^{\frac{1}{4}}-b^{\frac{1}{4}}\right)}\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}.\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}=1\)
Cho a,b,c > 0.Chứng minh rằng
a,\(\frac{1}{a}\)+\(\frac{1}{b}\)+\(\frac{1}{c}\)\(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{a+b}\)+\(\frac{2}{b+c}\)+\(\frac{2}{c+a}\)
b,\(\frac{4}{a}\)+\(\frac{5}{b}\)+\(\frac{3}{c}\)\(\ge\)\(4\left(\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Cho a,b,c > 0.Chứng minh rằng
a,\(\frac{1}{a}\)+\(\frac{1}{b}\)+\(\frac{1}{c}\)\(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{a+b}\)+\(\frac{2}{b+c}\)+\(\frac{2}{c+a}\)
b,\(\frac{4}{a}\)+\(\frac{5}{b}\)+\(\frac{3}{c}\)\(\ge\)\(4\left(\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
Đơn giản biểu thức \(\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^3}\left(\frac{1}{a^4}-\frac{1}{b^4}\right)+\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\left(\frac{1}{a^3}-\frac{1}{b^3}\right)+\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^5}\left(\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\)
cho a,b,c,d > 0. CMR \(\frac{a^4}{a^3+2b^3}+\frac{b^4}{b^3+2c^3}+\frac{c^4}{c^3+2d^3}+\frac{d^4}{d^3+2a^3}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{3}\)
Cho a,b,c,d>0 \(\frac{a^4}{^{a^3+2b^3}}+\frac{b^4}{b^3+2c^3}+\frac{c^4}{c^3+2a^3}+\frac{d^4}{d^3+2a^3}>\frac{a+b+c+d}{3}\)
Cho a, b, c, d > 0. CMR \(\frac{a^4}{a^3+2b^3}+\frac{b^4}{a^3+2b^3}+\frac{c^4}{c^3+2d^3}+\frac{d^4}{d^3+2a^3}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{3}\)
so sanh
a)\(A=\frac{5}{4}+\frac{5}{4^2}+\frac{5}{4^3}+.....+\frac{5}{4^{99}}vaB=\frac{5}{3}\)
b)\(B=\frac{4}{3}+\frac{10}{9}+\frac{28}{27}+.....+\frac{3^{98}+1}{3^{98}}vaA=100\)