<=> \(\left(x^3+3x^2a+3xa^2+a^3\right)-3bc\left(x+a\right)+b^3+c^3=0\)<=>\(\left(x+a\right)^3-3bc\left(x+a\right)+\left(b+c\right)^3-3bc\left(b+c\right)=0\)<=>

\(\left(x+a\right)^3+\left(b+c\right)^3-3bc\left(x+a+b+c\right)=0\)<=>

(x+a+b+c)[ (x+a)² +(b+c)² -(x+a)(b+c) -3bc]=0 <=> x+a+b+c=0 hoặc x² + x(2a-b-c) + a²+ (b+c)² -a(b+c)-3bc=0

<=> x= -a-b-c hoặc x² + x(2a-b-c) + a²+ (b+c)² -a(b+c)-3bc=0 (1)

\(\Delta=\left(2a-b-c\right)^2-4\left[a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2-a\left(b+c\right)-3bc\right]=\)\(4a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2-4a\left(b+c\right)-4a^2-4\left(b+c\right)^2+4a\left(b+c\right)\)\(+12bc=12bc-3\left(b+c\right)^2=-3\left(b-c\right)^2\le0\)

để (1) có nghiệm thì b-c=0 => \(\Delta=0\) => x = \(-\frac{2a-b-c}{2}=-a-b\)

kết luận

với b-c \(\ne0\) pt có 2 nghiệm x=-a-b-c

b-c=0 pt có 2 nghiệm x=-a-b-c và x=-a-b

b. Sử dụng các hằng đẳng thức

 \(a^3+b^3+c^2-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)

\(=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)

và \(\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)

nên \(A=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

Do (a - b) + (b - c) + (c - a) =  0 nên áp dụng hđt  \(X^2+Y^2+Z^2=-2\left(XY+YZ+ZX\right)\)khi X + Y + Z = 0, ta có:

\(A=-2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right).\)

Bài 1 :

\(b,ax^2+3ax+9=a^2\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x+3ax+9-a^2=0\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow ax\left(a+3\right)+\left(a+3\right)\left(3-a\right)=0\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+3\right)\left(ax+3-a\right)=0\)

Vì \(a\ne3\Rightarrow\left(a+3\right)\ne0\Rightarrow ax+3-a=0\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow ax=a-3\) 

Vì \(a\ne0\Rightarrow x=\frac{a-3}{a}\) 

c.Ta có \(\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}-\frac{2}{xz}-\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}=1\)

Do x = y + z nên \(\frac{-2}{xz}-\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}=\frac{-2y-2z+2\left(y+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)zy}=0\)

Vậy nên \(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}=1.\)

a: \(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)

=a+b+c

b: 

Sửa đề: \(=\dfrac{x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^3+z^3+3xy\left(x-y\right)+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y+z\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-xz+yz+z^2\right)+3xy\left(x-y+z\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy-xz+yz\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-y+z}{2}\)

a) \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\)

\(=a+b+c\)

* Đặt tên các biểu thức theo thứ tự là A,B,C,D,E.

Câu a)

Theo hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ ta có:

\(a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b+c)^3-3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)

\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+2abc]\)

\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ca(c+a+b)-abc]\)

\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)]+3abc\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)^3-3(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)\)

\(=(a+b+c)[(a+b+c)^2-3(ab+bc+ac)]\)

\(=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)\) (*)

Do đó:

\(A=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=a+b+c\)

Câu b)

\(x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz=x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z\)

Sử dụng kết quả (*) của câu a. Với \(a=x, b=-y, c=z\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z=(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)

Mặt khác xét mẫu số:

\((x+y)^2+(y+z)^2+(x-z)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2+2yz+z^2+x^2-2xz+z^2\)

\(=2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)

Do đó: \(B=\frac{(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}=\frac{x-y+z}{2}\)

Câu c) Sử dụng kết quả (*) của phần a:

\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)

Và mẫu số:

\((x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)

Do đó: \(C=\frac{(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)

Câu d)

Xét tử số:

\(a^2(b-c)+b^2(c-a)+c^2(a-b)\)

\(=a^2(b-c)-b^2[(b-c)+(a-b)]+c^2(a-b)\)

\(=(b-c)(a^2-b^2)-(b^2-c^2)(a-b)\)

\(=(b-c)(a-b)(a+b)-(b-c)(b+c)(a-b)\)

\(=(a-b)(b-c)[a+b-(b+c)]=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\) (1)

Xét mẫu số:

\(a^4(b^2-c^2)+b^4(c^2-a^2)+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)

\(=a^4(b^2-c^2)-b^4[(b^2-c^2)+(a^2-b^2)]+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)

\(=(a^4-b^4)(b^2-c^2)-(b^4-c^4)(a^2-b^2)\)

\(=(a^2-b^2)(a^2+b^2)(b^2-c^2)-(b^2-c^2)(b^2+c^2)(a^2-b^2)\)

\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)[a^2+b^2-(b^2+c^2)]\)

\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)(a^2-c^2)\)

\(=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra \(D=\frac{1}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)

Câu e)

Theo phần d ta có:

\(TS=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\)

\(MS=ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2\)

\(=b^2(a-b)-c^2(a-b)=(a-b)(b^2-c^2)=(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)\)

Do đó: \(E=\frac{(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)}=\frac{a-c}{b+c}\)