a) \({\left( {3x + y} \right)^4} = {\left( {3x} \right)^4} + 4.{\left( {3x} \right)^3}y + 6.{\left( {3x} \right)^2}{y^2} + 4.\left( {3x} \right){y^3} + {y^4}\)

\( = 81{x^4} + 108{x^3}y + 54{x^2}{y^2} + 12x{y^3} + {y^4}\)

b) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {x - \sqrt 2 } \right)^5} = \left( {x + (-\sqrt 2) } \right)^5 ={x^5} + 5.{x^4}.\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right) + 10.{x^3}.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 10.{x^2}.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + 5.x.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} + 1.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^5}\\ = {x^5} - 5\sqrt 2 .{x^4} + 20{x^3} - 20\sqrt 2 .{x^2} + 20x - 4\sqrt 2 \end{array}\)

a) \({\left( {x + 1} \right)^5} = {x^5} + 5.{x^4}.1 + 10.{x^3}{.1^2} + 10.{x^2}{.1^3} + 5.{x^1}{.1^4} +{1^5} = {x^5} + 5{x^4} + 10{x^3} + 10{x^2} + 5x + 1\)

b) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {x - 3y} \right)^5} = {\left[ {x + \left( { - 3y} \right)} \right]^5} = {x^5} + 5{x^4}{\left( { - 3y} \right)^1} + 10{x^3}{\left( { - 3y} \right)^2} + 10{x^2}{\left( { - 3y} \right)^3} + 5{x^1}{\left( { - 3y} \right)^4} + {\left( { - 3y} \right)^5}\\ = {x^5} - 15{x^4}y + 90{x^3}{y^2} - 270{x^2}{y^3} + 405x{y^4} - 243{y^5}\end{array}\)

a) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có

          \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 4.2.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + {\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^4}\\ = \left[ {{2^4} + {{6.2}^2}.{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^4}} \right] + \left[ {{{4.2}^3}.\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + 4.2.{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^3}} \right]\\ = 68 + 48\sqrt 2 \end{array}\)

b) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có

          \({\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 4.2.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + {\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^4}\)

          \({\left( {2 - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = \left( {2 +(- \sqrt 2 )} \right)^4= {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 4.2.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + {\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4}\)

Từ đó,

          \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} + {\left( {2 - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = 2\left[ {{2^4} + {{6.2}^2}.{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^4}} \right]\\ = 2\left( {16 + 48 + 4} \right) = 136\end{array}\)

c) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có

          \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {1 - \sqrt 3 } \right)^5} = \left( {1 +(- \sqrt 3 )} \right)^5=  1 + 5.\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right) + 10.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^2} + 10.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^3} + 5.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^4} + 1.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^5}\\ = \left[ {1 + 10.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^2} + 5.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^4}} \right] + \left[ {5.\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right) + 10.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^3} + 1.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^5}} \right]\\ = 76 - 44\sqrt 3 \end{array}\)

a) \({\left( {2x + 1} \right)^4} = {\left( {2x} \right)^4} + 4.{\left( {2x} \right)^3}{.1^1} + 6.{\left( {2x} \right)^2}{.1^2} + 4.\left( {2x} \right){.1^3} + {1^4} = 16{x^4} + 32{x^3} + 24{x^2} + 8x + 1\)

b) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {3y - 4} \right)^4} = {\left[ {3y + \left( { - 4} \right)} \right]^4} = {\left( {3y} \right)^4} + 4.{\left( {3y} \right)^3}.\left( { - 4} \right) + 6.{\left( {3y} \right)^2}.{\left( { - 4} \right)^2} + 4.{\left( {3y} \right)^1}{\left( { - 4} \right)^3} + {\left( { - 4} \right)^4}\\ = 81{y^4} - 432{y^3} + 864{y^2} - 768y + 256\end{array}\)

c) \({\left( {x + \frac{1}{2}} \right)^4} = {x^4} + 4.{x^3}.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^1} + 6.{x^2}.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^2} + 4.x.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^3} + {\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^4} = {x^4} + 2{x^3} + \frac{3}{2}{x^2} + \frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{{16}}\)

d) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {x - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4} = {\left[ {x + \left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)} \right]^4} = {x^4} + 4.{x^3}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^1} + 6.{x^2}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^2} + 4.x.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^3} + {\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4}\\ = {x^4} - \frac{4}{3}{x^3} + \frac{2}{3}{x^2} - \frac{4}{27}x + \frac{1}{{81}}\end{array}\)

Lời giải:

a. $=(2x)^2-2.2x.5y+(5y)^2=4x^2-20xy+25y^2$
b. $=(3x)^2+2.3x.2y+(2y)^2=9x^2+12xy+4y^2$

c. $=(4y+3x)(4y-3x)=(4y)^2-(3x)^2=16y^2-9x^2$

\(a.4x^2-10xy+25y^2\)

\(b.9x^2+6xy+4y^2\)

\(c.16y^2-9x^2\)

a) $(3x+5)^2\\=(3x)^2+2.3x.5+5^2\\=9x^2+30x+25$

b) $(6x+\dfrac{1}{3})^2\\=(6x)^2+2.6x.\dfrac{1}{3}+(\dfrac{1}{3})^2\\=36x^2+4x+\dfrac{1}{9}$

c) $(5x-4y)^2\\=(5x)^2-2.5x.4y+(4y)^2\\=25x^2-40xy+16y^2$

d) $(5x-3)(5x+3)\\=(5x)^2-(3)^2\\=25x^2-9$

a) \({\left( {x - 2} \right)^4}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} = {x^4} + 4{x^3}.\left( { - 2} \right) + 6{x^2}.{\left( { - 2} \right)^2} + 4x{\left( { - 2} \right)^3} + {\left( { - 2} \right)^4}\\ = {x^4} - 8{x^3} + 24{x^2} - 32x + 16\end{array}\)

b) \({\left( {x + 2y} \right)^5}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} = {x^5} + 5.{x^4}.\left( {2y} \right) + 10.{x^3}.{\left( {2y} \right)^2} + 10.{x^2}.{\left( {2y} \right)^3} + 5.x.{\left( {2y} \right)^4} + 1.{\left( {2y} \right)^5}\\ = {x^5} + 10{x^4}y + 40{x^3}{y^3} + 80{x^2}{y^3} + 80x{y^4} + 32{y^5}\end{array}\)