a: \(\Leftrightarrow x^3+4x^2+4x+\left(a-4\right)x^2+\left(4a-16\right)x+\left(4a-16\right)+\left(-4a+12\right)x-4a+12⋮x^2+4x+4\)

=>-4a+12=0

=>a=3

b: \(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x^2-2x+2x^2-4x-4+\left(a+6\right)x+b+4⋮x^2-2x-2\)

=>a+6=0 và b+4=0

=>a=-6; b=-4

\(f\left(x\right)=2x^4+ax^2+bx+c\)

\(=2x^4-4x^3+4x^3-8x^2+\left(a+8\right)x^2-x\left(2a+16\right)+\left(2a+16+b\right)x-2\left(2a+16+b\right)+4a+32+2b+c\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(2x^3+4x^2+x\left(a+8\right)+2a+16+b\right)+4a+2b+32+c\)

=>\(\dfrac{f\left(x\right)}{x-2}=2x^3+4x^2+x\left(a+8\right)+2a+16+b+\dfrac{4a+2b+32+c}{x-2}\)

f(x) chia hết cho x-2 nên \(4a+2b+32+c=0\)(1)

\(f\left(x\right)=2x^4+ax^2+bx+c\)

\(=2x^4-4x^3+6x^2+4x^3-16x^2+12x+\left(a+10\right)x^2-4x\left(a+10\right)+3a+30+x\left(4a+28+b\right)+c-3a-30\)

\(=\left(x^2-4x+3\right)\left(2x^2+4x+a+10\right)\)+x(4a+28+b)+c-3a-30

f(x) chia cho x²-4x+3 dư -x+2 nên ta có: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+28+b=-1\\c-3a-30=2\end{matrix}\right.\)(2)

Từ (1),(2) ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+32+c=0\\4a+b+28=-1\\c-3a=32\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+2b+c=-32\\4a+b=-29\\-3a+c=32\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c=-3\\-3a+c=32\\4a+b=-29\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+3a=-35\\4a+b=-29\\b+c=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-a=-6\\4a+b=-29\\b+c=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\b=-29-4a=-29-4\cdot6=-53\\c=-3-b=-3-\left(-53\right)=50\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,\Leftrightarrow2x^2+x+a=\left(x+3\right)\cdot g\left(x\right)\\ \text{Thay }x=-3\Leftrightarrow18-3+a=0\Leftrightarrow a=-15\\ b,\Leftrightarrow x^3+ax^2-4=\left(x^2+4x+4\right)\cdot f\left(x\right)=\left(x+2\right)^2\cdot f\left(x\right)\\ \text{Thay }x=-2\Leftrightarrow-8+4a-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4a-12=0\Leftrightarrow a=3\)

a) x³ + 127127 = x³  + (1313)³ = (x + 1313)(x² – x . 1313+ (1313)²)

=(x + 1313)(x² – 1313x + 1919)

b) (a + b)³ – (a - b)³    

= [(a + b) – (a – b)][(a + b)² + (a + b) . (a – b) + (a – b)²]

= (a + b – a + b)(a² + 2ab + b² + a² – b² + a² – 2ab + b²)

= 2b . (3a³ + b²)

c) (a + b)³ + (a – b)³ = [(a + b) + (a – b)][(a + b)² – (a + b)(a – b) + (a – b)²]

= (a + b + a – b)(a² + 2ab + b² – a²  +b² + a² – 2ab + b²]

= 2a . (a² + 3b²)

d) 8x³ + 12x²y + 6xy² + y³ = (2x)³ + 3 . (2x)² . y  +3 . 2x . y + y³ = (2x + y)³

e) - x³ + 9x² – 27x + 27 = 27 – 27x + 9x² – x³ = 3³ – 3 . 3² . x + 3 . 3 . x² – x³ = (3 – x)³

Gọi thương là \(cx^2+dx+e\)

\(\left(cx^2+dx+e\right)\left(x^2-2x+2\right)=cx^4-2cx^3+2cx^2+dx^3-2dx^2+2dx+ex^2-2ex+2e\)

\(=cx^4+x^3\left(d-2c\right)+x^2\left(2c-2d+e\right)+x\left(2d-2e\right)+2e\)

Đồng nhất hệ số

\(\hept{\begin{cases}c=1;d-2c=1\Leftrightarrow d=3\\2d-2e=4\Leftrightarrow e=1;b=2e\Leftrightarrow b=2\\2c-2d+e=a\Leftrightarrow a=-3\end{cases}}\)

Vậy a=-3;b=2