*Sửa đề: "13,44 lít H₂" và "24,9 gam hh 2 kim loại"

PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               a_____3a_____________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a                (mol)

            \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

               b_____2b_____________b                   (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=24,9\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=1,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=19,5\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,2\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=600\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

nH2=6,72/22,4=0,3 mol

Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl + H2

a                                   a              mol

Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\)  FeCl2 +H2

b                                   b              mol

ta có 24a + 56b =13,6   

và a + b=0,3 

=>a=0,1 mol , b=0,2 mol

=>mMg=0,2*24=2,4 g

=>%Mg=2,48100/13,6=17,65%

=>%Fe=100-17,65=82,35%

nMgCl2=nMg=0,1mol=>mMgCl2=0,1*95=9,5 g

nFeCl2=nFe=0,2 mol=>mFeCl2 = 0,2*127=25,4 g

nHCl=nMg+nFe=0,1+0,2=0,3mol

=>CMHCl=0,3/0,4=0,75M

\(a)2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ b)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+b=0,25\\27a+56b=8,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ a=\dfrac{19}{470};b=\dfrac{121}{940}\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{470}\cdot27}{8,3}\cdot100=13,15\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=100-13,15=86,85\%\\ c)n_{HCl}=3\cdot\dfrac{19}{470}+2\cdot\dfrac{121}{940}=\dfrac{89}{235}mol\\ m_{ddHCl=}=\dfrac{\dfrac{89}{235}\cdot36,5}{7,3}\cdot100=189g\\ d)n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=\dfrac{19}{470}mol\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{121}{940}mol\)

\(m_{dd}=8,3+189-0,25.2=196,8g\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{470}\cdot133,8}{196,8}\cdot100=2,8\%\\ C_{\%FeCl_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{121}{940}127}{196,8}\cdot100=8,3\%\)

a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)

a)

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} =b (mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 27b = 11(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\% = 50,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 50,9\% = 49,1\%$

b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,8(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,8}{0,4} = 2M$

c)

$C_{M_{FeCl_2}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,4} = 0,25M$
$C_{M_{AlCl_3}} =\dfrac{0,2}{0,4} = 0,5M$