1)

a/ \(12\left(x-5\right)+7\left(3-x\right)=15\)

\(\Rightarrow12x-12.5+7.3-7x=15\)

\(\Rightarrow12x-60+21-7x=15\)

\(\Rightarrow12x-7x=15+60-21\)

\(\Rightarrow5x=54\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{54}{5}=10,8\)

b/ \(30\left(x+2\right)-6\left(x-5\right)-24x=100\)

\(\Rightarrow30x+30.2-6x-6.5-24x=100\)

\(\Rightarrow30x+60-6x+30-24x=100\)

\(\Rightarrow30x-6x-24x=100-60-30\)

\(\Rightarrow0x=10\)

\(\Rightarrow\) k có giá trị \(x\) nào thỏa mãn đề bài

\(12\left(x-5\right)+7\left(3-x\right)=15\)

\(12x-60+21-7x=15\)

\(12x-\left(60-21+7x\right)=15\)

\(12x-\left(39+7x=15\right)\)

\(12x-39-7x=15\)

\(5x=15+39\)

\(5x=54\)

\(x=10,8\)

vì \( (x-3)(2y+1)=7\) nên x-3 và 2y+1 là 2 số nguyên cùng dấu nhau

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}x-3>0\\2y+1>0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}x>3\\2y>1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}x\in\left\{4,5,6,7,...\right\}\\y\in\left\{1,2,3,4,...\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}x-3< 0\\2y+1< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}x< 3\\2y< 1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}x\in\left\{2,1,0,...\right\}\\y\in\left\{0,-1,...\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3,2y-6\in Z\\x-3,2y-6\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy không có x,y thỏa mãn đề bài 

b, tương tự câu a

 \(c,xy-5x+2y=7\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-5\right)+2y-10=-3\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-5\right)+2\left(y-5\right)=-3\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(y-5\right)=-3\)

Rồi làm tương tự câu a

\(d,xy-3x-4y=5\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-3\right)-4y+12=17\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-3\right)-4\left(y-3\right)=17\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)=17\)

Rồi làm tương tự câu a

1: =(x+y-3x)(x+y+3x)

=(-2x+y)(4x+y)

2: =(3x-1-4)(3x-1+4)

=(3x+3)(3x-5)

=3(x+1)(3x-5)

3: =(2x)^2-(x^2+1)^2

=-[(x^2+1)^2-(2x)^2]

=-(x^2+1-2x)(x^2+1+2x)

=-(x-1)^2(x+1)^2

4: =(2x+1+x-1)(2x+1-x+1)

=3x(x+2)

5: =[(x+1)^2-(x-1)^2][(x+1)^2+(x-1)^2]

=(2x^2+2)*4x

=8x(x^2+1)

6: =(5x-5y)^2-(4x+4y)^2

=(5x-5y-4x-4y)(5x-5y+4x+4y)

=(x-9y)(9x-y)

7: =(x^2+xy+y^2+xy)(x^2+xy-y^2-xy)

=(x^2+2xy+y^2)(x^2-y^2)

=(x+y)^3*(x-y)

8: =(x^2+4y^2-20-4xy+16)(x^2+4y^2-20+4xy-16)

=[(x-2y)^2-4][(x+2y)^2-36]

=(x-2y-2)(x-2y+2)(x+2y-6)(x+2y+6)

\(2\left(x-5\right)-3\left(x-4\right)=-6+15\left(-3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-10-3x+12=-51\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-3x=-51-12+10\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-x=-53\)

\(\Rightarrow x=53\)

\(3x+4y-xy=16\)

\(\Rightarrow3x-xy+4y=16\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(3-y\right)-12+4y=16-12\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(3-y\right)-4\left(3-y\right)=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(3-y\right)=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right);\left(3-y\right)\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4\right\}\)

Xét bảng

Vậy...............................