$x^{2} + y^{2} + z^{2} = 1$ , tìm GTLN $x^{3} + y^{3} + z^{3} - 3xyz$ - Bất đẳng thức và cực trị - Diễn đàn Toán học

Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=3\)

\(P=3a^2+b^2+3c^2\)

Biểu thức này chỉ có min, không có max

x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=1/2(x+y+z)[(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2]

2 cái bằng nhau

Chứng minh hộ tui phát

Ta có (a + b + c)³ =  a³ + b³ + c³ + 3a²b + 3a²c + 3b²a + 3b²c + 3c²a + 3c²b + 6abc

=> VT = (a + b + c)³ - (3a²b + 3a²c + 3b²a + 3b²c + 3c²a + 3c²b + 9abc)

= (a + b + c)³ - (3a²b + 3b²a + abc) - (3a²c + 3c²a + 3abc) - (3b²c + 3c²b + 3abc)

= (a + b + c)[a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + ac + bc) - 3(ab + bc + ac)]

= (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² - ab - bc - ac)

VP = \(\frac{1}{2}\)(x+y+z)[(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2]

= \(\frac{1}{2}\)(x+y+z)(2x² + 2b² + 2c² - 2ab - 2bc - 2ac)

= (x+y+z)(x² + b² + c² - ab - bc - ac)

Từ đó => VT=VP

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopski ta có:

\(\frac{x}{x^3+y^2+z}=\frac{x\left(\frac{1}{x}+1+z\right)}{\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+1+z\right)}\le\frac{1+x+xz}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{1+x+xz}{9}\)

Tương tự rồi cộng lại ta được:

\(T\le\frac{3+x+y+z+xy+yz+zx}{9}=\frac{6+xy+yz+zx}{9}\le\frac{6+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{9}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(x=y=z=1\)

VT=\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3x^2y-3xy^2-3xyz\)

\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy.\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right).z+z^2-3xy\left(\text{vì }x+y+z=1\right)\)

\(=x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^3-3xy\)

\(=x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\left(x^2-2xy-y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)\right]\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\)=VP

=>dpcm

Ta có : \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz\)

\(=x+y+z\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+xz+yz\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)

\(=x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz=\frac{\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2xz+x^2\right)}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\)

ta co: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}.\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}=0\)

=> x + y + z = 0

Lai co: x³ + y³ +z³ - 3xyz = (x+y+z).(x²+y²+z² - xy - yz - zx)

             x³ + y³ + z³ - 3xyz = 0

=> x³ + y³ + z³ = 3xyz

ta co: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}.\)

=> 1/xy + 1/yz + 1/xz = 0

=> x + y + z = 0

Lai co: x³ + y³ +z³ - 3xyz = (x+y+z).(x²+y²+z² - xy - yz - zx)

             x³ + y³ + z³ - 3xyz = 0

=> x³ + y³ + z³ = 3xyz