* Make a non-defining relative clause from the two sentences.
01. And then Mary walked in. We had been talking about her earlier.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
02. I met Julie in the Italian restaurant. She was working as a waitress there.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
03. Catherine ruled Russia for over 30 years. She made many important changes.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
04. Starbucks wants to open new stores in China. It does business all over the world.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
05. The woman next door is moving next month. I met her for the first time last week.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
06. The last time I went to Scotland was in May. The weather was very beautiful then.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
07. Jane has decided to go and teach abroad. It will be an interesting experience for her.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
08. My two cousins are coming to visit next week. I have seen neither of them for ten years.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
09. Our professor of psychology has written some very interesting books. I always attend her lectures.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The Games International Company has just gone bankrupt. We have done business with them for many years.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fill in the relative pronoun; adding commas where necessary. Write D for defining, ND for non-defining and whether the relative can be omitted or not

1 The woman …..who/that … bought the house next door is very friendly … D (not omitted) ..

2 Ann ………….is a generous person took us all on holiday.

3 The hospital …………he was treated is a very good one.

4 People ……………..don’t eat meat are called vegetarians.

5 The house …………………. they live is very small.

6 The book ………I am reading at the moment is very interesting.

7 The hotel …………….is opposite the museum is very expensive.

8 People ……………speak two languages equally well are called
bilingual.

9 Dublin …………….. has a population of one million is a very
beautiful city.

10 People …………….. mug other people should be punished.

11 My best friend ………. name is Sarah is living in Poland now.

12 Greece …………has many beautiful islands is a great place for holidays.

13 People …………………drink and drive should be heavily fined.

14 Women ……………………..are pregnant should not smoke.

15 The flat …………………………….she lives in is very cold.

16 Majorca was the first place ……………..we went on holiday together.

17 The man…………… the police arrested last night was charged with murder.

18 The newspaper ……………I buy is always full of interesting articles.

19 The velvet dress ……………..she wore to the party was very expensive .

20 The students …………………were involved in the march were arrested.

Make a defining relative clause from the two sentences.

51. That’s the hotel. We stayed there for our honeymoon.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

52. I couldn’t find the man. I’d taken his case by mistake.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

53. I’ll call the students. I went to London with them last summer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

54. The tree only grows in the rainforest. This drug is obtained from it.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

55. Jeanny phoned me yesterday. I was in conference with my clients then.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

56. You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop. It has just opened in the high street.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

57. His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason. That’s why she is so angry with him.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

58. We haven’t seen the friends for ten years. They are coming to visit us this weekend.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

59. People often have very little money to spend on leisure. They have a lot of leisure time.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

60. Social media networks are an excellent tool. You can use them to promote your business.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

* Complete the sentences. Use a relative clause. Use commas (,) where necessary.
1. You saw that smoke. It came from the hills.
You saw the smoke ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. There’s a woman living next door. She’s a doctor.
The woman ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A woman was terribly upset. Her dog was run over.
The woman ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Aunt Joan is a bit deaf, so she didn’t hear the phone.
Aunt Joan, ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. We’re looking forward to a concert. It’s next Saturday.
The concert ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now.
I have found ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Zedco has 10,000 employees. It’s an international company.
Zedco, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Laura painted a picture, and it’s being shown in an exhibition.
The picture ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. You’ll meet Henry tomorrow. He’s also a member of the board.
Henry, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. There was a strike at the factory. It lasted ten days. It is now over.
The strike at the factory, ………………………………………………………………………………………………

 Rewrite the pairs of sentences as one sentence using a defining or non-defining relative clause. 

1 I work for a man. The man’s farm covers thousands of acres.

I work ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The spacecraft is called Vostok 3KA. It took Yuri Gagarin into space.

The spacecraft ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. She likes her father’s career. Her father pursued this career all his life.

She likes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. He admires the teacher. That teacher initiated building the school library.

He admires ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. My grandfather used to be an astronaut. He has been retired for ten years now.

My grandfather……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Students will have to make their own learning decisions. This will be hard for many of them.
Students …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 1
Hãy xác định những mệnh đề quan hệ dưới đây là mệnh đề hạn định (Defining
clause) hay không hạn định (Non-defining clause).
1.This is the dress which I bought last week.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
2.The film that I saw yesterday was very interesting.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
3.Hanoi, which is one of the largest cities in Vietnam, is the capital of Vietnam.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
4.The girl who wore a blue dress attracted everybody's attention at the party.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
5.The old man who lives next door is an architect.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
6.This writer, who lives in this luxurious mansion, has just published her third
novel.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
7.The doctor who examined my stomach was very kind.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
8.Tra Giang, who has played the main role in a lot of war films, is a famous
Vietnamese actress.

A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
9.Taylor Swift, who is a well-known singer, is only twenty-four.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
10.That is the bee which stung me.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause

Combine each pair of sentences with a relative pronoun.

The concert will be shown on television next week. They filmed it last night.

My sister sends you her love. You met her last month.

The hotel is near the beach. It is the most expensive one.

This watch has never stopped working. I bought it 20 years ago.

John speaks three languages. He is 20 years old.

The woman is the most popular actress in America. She is not very talented.

Ann is very friendly. She lives next door.

We stayed at the Grand Hotel. Ann recommended it to us.

We went to Sandra’s party. We enjoyed it very much.

I went to see the doctor. He told me to rest for a few days.

* Combine two sentences into one. Use the sentence in brackets to make a non-defining relative clause.
1. The National Library opens every weekday. (The library is on the second floor).
The National Library, which is on the second floor, opens every weekday.
2. Developed countries are helping developing countries. (They are ahead in education and wealth.)
Developed countries, which are ahead in education and wealth, are helping developing countries.
3. Internationalisation has brought about both opportunities and challenges. (It started 15 years ago.)
Internationalsation, which started 15 years ago, has brought about both opportunities and challenges.
4. Smartphones will be used widely in school to support learning. (They help students to write scripts and make videos.)
Smartphones, which help students to write scripts and make videos, will be used widely in school to support learning.
5. Jack London wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the Wild and White Fang. (He is an American writer.)
Jack London, who is an American writer, wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the Wild and White Fang.
6. Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook? (He mapped a lot of places in the world, including Australia and New Zealand).
Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook, who mapped a lot of places in the world, including Australia and New Zealand?