\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.500.1,12}{98}=1,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ MgO+H_2SO_4 \rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\\ CaCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+CO_2+H_2O\\ TH1:axit.hết\\ n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgO}=\dfrac{18-0,1.10}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)< 1,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow LoạiTH1\\ TH2:axit.dư\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40a+100b=18\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,2.40}{18}.100\approx44,444\%\Rightarrow\%m_{CaCO_3}\approx55,556\%\)

\(b,m_{ddB}=m_A+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{CO_2}=18+500.1,12-0,1.44=573,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=1,12-0,3=0,82\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,82.98}{573,6}.100\approx14,01\%\\ C\%_{ddCaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111}{573,6}.100\approx1,935\%\\ C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{573,6}.100\approx3,312\%\)

PTHH:  \(CaO+2HNO_3\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+H_2O\)

            \(MgCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCO_3}=n_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{CaO}=\dfrac{18-0,1\cdot84}{56}=\dfrac{6}{35}\left(mol\right)=n_{Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot84}{18}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=53,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo đề bài, ta có: \(m_{ddHNO_3}=500\cdot1,08=540\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{540\cdot12,6\%}{63}=1,08\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{HNO_3\left(p.ứ\right)}=2n_{CaO}+2n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{19}{35}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HNO_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{94}{175}\left(mol\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{CO_2}=0,1\cdot44=4,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=m_A+m_{ddHNO_3}-m_{CO_2}=553,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot148}{553,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,67\%\\C\%_{Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{6}{35}\cdot164}{553,6}\cdot100\%\approx5,08\%\\C\%_{HNO_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{35}\cdot63}{553,6}\cdot100\%\approx6,18\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thí nghiệm 1:

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=500\cdot1,12=560g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{560\cdot19,6\%}{100\%}=109,76g\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

0,2                          0,1               0,3

Chất rắn không tan thu được là Ag.

Thí nghiệm 2:

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\)

\(BTe:3n_{Al}+n_{Ag}=2n_{SO_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Ag}=2\cdot0,4-3\cdot0,2=0,2mol\)

a)\(m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4g\)

   \(m_{Ag}=0,2\cdot108=21,6g\)

b)Dung dịch B là \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\)

   \(C_M=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\)

Đáp án là D. 38,55%.

a)

Gọi số mol Mg, Na₂CO₃ là a,b (mol)

=> 24a + 106.b = 13 (1)

\(n_{H_2}+n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{33,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

______a------>a------------>a------->a________(mol)

Na₂CO₃ + H₂SO₄ --> Na₂SO₄ + CO₂ + H₂O

__b---------->b----------->b------>b______________(mol)

=> a + b = 0,2 (2)

(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,1.24}{13}100\%=18,46\%\\\%Na_2CO_3=100\%-18,46\%=81,54\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

PTHH: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4->BaSO_4\downarrow+2H_2O\)

_________________k------------>k_______________(mol)

\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+MgSO_4->BaSO_4\downarrow+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)

____________0,1---------->0,1---------->0,1_________(mol)

\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4->BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaOH\)

____________0,1-------->0,1____________________(mol)

\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)

_0,1---------->0,1______________________________(mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaSO_4}=k+0,2\\n_{MgO}=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(233.\left(k+0,2\right)+40.0,1=62,25\)

=> k = 0,05 (mol)

=> n_H2SO4 = 0,1 + 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,25 (mol)

=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,25}{1}=0,25\left(l\right)=250ml\)