a) Giả sử ∆x là số gia của số đối tại x₀ = 1. Ta có:

∆y = f(1 + ∆x) - f(1) = (1 + ∆x)² + (1 + ∆x) - (1²+ 1) = 3∆x + (∆x)^2;

= 3 + ∆x; = (3 + ∆x) = 3.

Vậy f'(1) = 3.

b) Giả sử ∆x là số gia của số đối tại x₀ = 2. Ta có:

∆y = f(2 + ∆x) - f(2) = - = - ;

= - ; = - = - .

Vậy f'(2) = - .

c) Giả sử ∆x là số gia của số đối tại x₀ = 0.Ta có:

∆y = f(∆x) - f(0) = - ( -1) = ;

= ; = = -2.

Vậy f'(0) = -2

a) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:

\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{x - {x_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} 1 = 1\)

Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( x \right)^\prime } = 1\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).

b) Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {{x^2}} \right)^\prime } = 2{\rm{x}}\\{\left( {{x^3}} \right)^\prime } = 3{{\rm{x}}^2}\\...\\{\left( {{x^n}} \right)^\prime } = n{{\rm{x}}^{n - 1}}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}f'({x_0}) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f(x) - f({x_0})}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\cos x - \cos {x_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - 2\,.\,\sin \frac{{x + {x_0}}}{2}.\sin \frac{{x - {x_0}}}{2}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - 2.\frac{{x - {x_0}}}{2}.\sin \frac{{x + {x_0}}}{2}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \,\left( { - \sin \frac{{x + {x_0}}}{2}} \right) =  - \sin \frac{{2{x_0}}}{2} =  - \sin {x_0}\\ \Rightarrow f'(x) = (\cos x)' =  - \sin x\end{array}\)

a) \(f'\left( 1 \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( 1 \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{{x^2} - x}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{x\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} x = 1\)

Vậy \(f'\left( 1 \right) = 1\)

b) \(f'\left( { - 1} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - 1} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( { - 1} \right)}}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - 1} \frac{{ - {x^3} - 1}}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - 1} \frac{{ - \left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - x + 1} \right)}}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - 1} \left( {{x^2} - x + 1} \right) = 3\)

Vậy \(f'\left( { - 1} \right) = 3\)

- Giả sử Δx là số gia của đối số tại xo bất kỳ. Ta có:

- Dự đoán đạo hàm của y = x100 tại điểm x là 100x99

\(\begin{array}{l}f'({x_0}) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f(x) - f({x_0})}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x_0^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{e^{\frac{1}{2}.\ln x}} - {e^{\frac{1}{2}.\ln {x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{e^{\frac{1}{2}.\ln {x_0}}}.\left( {{e^{\frac{1}{2}\ln x - \frac{1}{2}\ln {x_0}}} - 1} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{x_0^{\frac{1}{2}}\left( {{e^{\frac{1}{2}.\ln x - \frac{1}{2}\ln {x_0}}} - 1} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{x_0^{\frac{1}{2}}\left( {\frac{1}{2}\ln x - \frac{1}{2}\ln {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{2}x_0^{\frac{1}{2}}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \left( {\frac{x}{{{x_0}}}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = 2x_0^2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{x}{{{x_0}}} - 1} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = 2x_0^2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{x}{{{x_0}}} - 1}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{2}x_0^{\frac{1}{2}}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{{x - {x_0}}}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{2}x_0^{\frac{1}{2}}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}} = \frac{1}{2}x_0^{\frac{1}{2}}.\frac{1}{{{x_0}}}\\ \Rightarrow f'\left( 1 \right) = \frac{1}{2}{.1^{\frac{1}{2}}}.1 = \frac{1}{2}\end{array}\)

a)      

\(\begin{array}{l}f'({x_0}) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f(x) - f({x_0})}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{x^2} - x_0^2}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{e^{2.\ln x}} - {e^{2.\ln {x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{e^{2.\ln {x_0}}}.\left( {{e^{2\ln x - 2\ln {x_0}}} - 1} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{x_0^2\left( {{e^{2.\ln x - 2\ln {x_0}}} - 1} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{x_0^2\left( {2\ln x - 2\ln {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = 2x_0^2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \left( {\frac{x}{{{x_0}}}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = 2x_0^2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{x}{{{x_0}}} - 1} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = 2x_0^2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{x}{{{x_0}}} - 1}}{{x - {x_0}}} = 2x_0^2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{{x - {x_0}}}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = 2x_0^2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}\\ = 2x_0^2.\frac{1}{{{x_0}}} = 2x\\ \Rightarrow \left( {{x^2}} \right)' = 2x\end{array}\)

b) Dự đoán đạo hàm của hàm số \(y = {x^n}\) tại điểm x bất kì: \(y' = n.{x^{n - 1}}\)