bạn giải đi bạn

Theo đề ta có: \(x:y:z=3:4:5\Rightarrow\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{5}\)

Đặt: \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{5}=k\left(k\inℕ^∗\right)\)

Suy ra: \(x=3k;y=4k;z=5k\) Thay vào biểu thức P ta có:

\(P=\frac{3k+8k+15k}{6k+12k+20k}+\frac{6k+12k+20k}{9k+16k+25k}+\frac{9k+16k+25k}{12k+20k+30k}\)

\(P=\frac{26k}{38k}+\frac{38k}{50k}+\frac{50k}{62k}=\frac{13}{19}+\frac{19}{25}+\frac{25}{31}=\frac{33141}{14725}\)

\(2x^2+3y^2+4z^2=21\Rightarrow2x^2\le21-3.1^2-4.1^2=14\)

\(\Rightarrow x\le\sqrt{7}\)

Tương tự ta có \(y\le\sqrt{5}\) và \(z\le2\)

Do đó:

\(\left(z-1\right)\left(z-2\right)\le0\Rightarrow z^2+2\le3z\Rightarrow4z^2+8\le12z\) (1)

\(\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-10\right)\le0\Rightarrow2x^2+10\le12x\) (2)

\(\left(y-1\right)\left(3y-9\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow3y^2+9\le12y\) (3)

Cộng vế (1);(2) và (3):

\(\Rightarrow12\left(x+y+z\right)\ge2x^2+3y^2+4z^2+27\ge48\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge4\)

\(M_{min}=4\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;1;2\right)\)

Theo chứng minh ban đầu ta có: \(z\le2\Rightarrow z-2\le0\)

Theo giả thiết \(z\ge1\Rightarrow z-1\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(z-1\right)\left(z-2\right)\le0\)

Tương tự: \(x< \sqrt{5}< 5\Rightarrow x-5< 0\Rightarrow2x-10< 0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-10\right)\le0\)

y cũng như vậy

Ta khẳng định : Dấu '=' xảy ra tại x=a, y=b, z=c

Khi đó \(4a+3b+4c=22;\frac{1}{3x}=\frac{1}{3a}=\frac{x}{3a^2},\frac{2}{y}=\frac{2}{b}=\frac{2y}{b^2},\frac{3}{z}=\frac{3}{c}=\frac{3z}{c^2}\)và :

\(\frac{1}{3x}+\frac{x}{3a^2}\ge\frac{2}{3a},\frac{2}{y}+\frac{2y}{b^2}\ge\frac{4}{b},\frac{3}{z}+\frac{3z}{c^2}\ge\frac{6}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+y+z+\left(\frac{2}{3a}-\frac{x}{3a^2}\right)+\left(\frac{4}{b}-\frac{2y}{b^2}\right)+\left(\frac{6}{c}-\frac{3z}{c^2}\right)\)

\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{3a^2}\right)x+\left(1-\frac{2}{b^2}\right)y+\left(1-\frac{3}{c^2}\right)z+\left(\frac{2}{3a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{c}\right)\)(*)

Ta chọn a,b,c thích hợp để sử dụng giả thiết \(4x+3y+4z=22\).. Vậy thì các hệ số của x,y,z trong (*) phải thỏa:

\(\hept{\begin{cases}4a+3b+4c=22\\\frac{1-\frac{1}{3a^2}}{4}=\frac{1-\frac{2}{b^2}}{3}=\frac{1-\frac{3}{c^2}}{4}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=2\\c=3\end{cases}}}\)

b, Ta có : \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4};\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}\)

Đặt \(x=15k;y=20k;z=24k\)

Thay vào A ta được : \(A=\dfrac{30k+60k+96k}{45k+80k+120k}=\dfrac{186k}{245k}=\dfrac{186}{245}\)

lk

a, \(\dfrac{x}{7}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{y}{y+1}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-7}{14}=\dfrac{y}{y+1}\Rightarrow\left(2x-7\right)\left(y+1\right)=14y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2xy+2x-7y-7=14y\Leftrightarrow2xy+2x-21y-7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(y+1\right)-21\left(y+1\right)+14=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-21\right)\left(y+1\right)=-14\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-21;y+1\inƯ\left(-14\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm7;\pm14\right\}\)