Ta có: 

\(P=\dfrac{5x-4y}{5x+4y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2=\left(\dfrac{5x-4y}{5x+4y}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2=\dfrac{\left(5x-4y\right)^2}{\left(5x+4y\right)^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2=\dfrac{\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot4y+\left(4y\right)^2}{\left(5x\right)^2+2\cdot5x\cdot4y+\left(4y\right)^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2=\dfrac{\left(25x^2+16y^2\right)-40xy}{\left(25x^2+16y^2\right)+40xy}\)

Thay \(25x^2+16y^2=50xy\) vào ta có:

\(P^2=\dfrac{50xy-40xy}{50xy+40xy}=\dfrac{10xy}{90xy}=\dfrac{1}{9}=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\)

Mà: \(4y< 5x< 0\)

Nên: \(P=\dfrac{5x-4y}{5x+4y}< 0\)

Vậy: \(P=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

25x^2+16y^2=50xy

=>25x^2-50xy+16y^2=0

=>25x^2-10xy-40xy+16y^2=0

=>5x(5x-2y)-8y(5x-2y)=0

=>(5x-2y)(5x-8y)=0

=>5x=2y hoặc 5x=8y

5x>4y

=>5x=8y

=>x/8=y/5=k

=>x=8k; y=5k

\(P=\dfrac{5\cdot8k-4\cdot5k}{5\cdot8k+4\cdot5k}=\dfrac{40-20}{40+20}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Ta có : M\(^2\)= (\(\dfrac{5x-4y}{5x+4y}\))\(^2\) = \(\dfrac{\left(5x-4y\right)^2}{\left(5x+4y\right)^2}\)= \(\dfrac{25x^2+16y^2-40xy}{25x^2+16y^2+40xy}\)

= \(\dfrac{41xy-40xy}{41xy+40xy}=\dfrac{xy}{81xy}=\dfrac{1}{81}=\left(\dfrac{1}{9}\right)^2\)

Mà 4y < 5x < 0 \(\Rightarrow\)5x - 4y > 0 . 5x +4y < 0 \(\Rightarrow\) M < 0

Vậy M = - \(\dfrac{1}{9}\)

a, \(ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm\frac{1}{5},x\ne\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left(5x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\left(2x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)\left(5x+1\right)}-\frac{\left(8-3x\right)\left(5x+1\right)}{\left(5x-1\right)\left(5x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x+2}{\left(2x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)}-\frac{8-3x}{\left(5x-1\right)\left(2x-3\right)}\)

\(=\frac{2\left(2x-3\right)}{\left(2x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)}=\frac{2}{5x-1}\)

b, Để P có giá trị nguyên thì  \(2⋮5x-1\)

\(\Rightarrow5x-1\in\left\{1,2,-1,-2\right\}\)

=> x=..............

ĐKXĐ : x \(\ne\frac{3}{2}\) ; \(x\ne\frac{1}{5};x\ne-\frac{1}{5}\) 

P= \(\frac{5x+1}{2x-3}.\left(\frac{x+2}{25x^2-1}-\frac{8-3x}{25x^2-1}\right)\) 

P= \(\frac{5x-1}{2x-3}.\left(\frac{4x-6}{\left(5x+1\right).\left(5x-1\right)}\right)\)

P= \(\frac{5x-1}{2x-3}.\frac{2\left(2x-3\right)}{\left(5x-1\right)\left(5x+1\right)}\) 

P= \(\frac{2}{5x-1}\) 

KL

b,

Ta có \(x\inℤ\Rightarrow\frac{2}{5x-1}\inℤ\) \(\Leftrightarrow5x-1\inƯ(5)\) mà Ư(5)={+-1;+-5}