Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
 
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
Question 36: The word “that" in paragraph 4 refers to __________.
​A. urban expansion ​​B. socio-economic disparities
​C. disease  ​D. unsanitary conditions
Question 37:According to paragraph 3, what is one of the advantages of urbanization?
​A. It minimizes risks for economic, cultural and societal development.
​B. It makes water supply system both efficient and effective.  
​C. Weather and climate in the city will be much improved.
​D. People may come up with new ideas for innovation.
Question 38:Which statement is TRUE, according to the passage?
​A. Urbanization brings important benefits for development as well.
​B. 54% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050.
​C. Risks cannot be addressed effectively no matter how well cities are governed.
​D. Rapidly increasing population density can help solve poverty.
Question 39: The word "addressed" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
​A. aimed at ​B. dealt with ​C. added to ​D. agreed on
Question 40: What can be inferred from the passage?
​A. Poverty may be a foregone conclusion of unplanned urbanization.
​B. Diseases are caused by people migrating to cities.  
​C. Urbanization can solve the problem of environmental pollution in cities.
​D. The increasing number of people in cities can create more employment.
Question 41: Which is the most suitable title for the passage?
​A. The Risks of Rapid Urbanization in Developing Countries
​B. Infrastructure and Economic Activities in Cities
​C. The Global Risks 2015 Report on Developing Urban Areas
​D. Rapid Urbanization Put Cities in Jeopardy
Question 42: The word “spark” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________.
​A. need ​B. start ​C. encourage ​D. design

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

What does she mean by ‘the Great Barrier Reef reproached us' in paragraph 6?

A. The Great Barrier Reef is worth visiting if you are in Australia.

B. It is fine to visit the Great Barrier Reef when you are in Australia.

C. It seems wrong not to visit the Great Barrier Reef once you are in Australia.

D. The Great Barrier Reef is an unforgettable sight in Australia.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

What kind of tourists is she criticising when she says 'eyes are not good enough' in paragraph 4?

A. those who stand grumpily at the back of the group

B. those who wander enchanted through the site

C. those who look at the wonders through their cameras

D. those who lack a recording facility

II. READING COMPREHENSION
2.1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Why are there so many grandmothers and so few grandfathers? In other words, why do men die
younger than women? Is this because men are afraid of getting old and helpless and so they prefer to die
before that happens? Perhaps they fear to be left alone by their women and so decide to do the leaving first.
Many explanations are given for the fact that men die earlier than women. Men are stronger
physically, yet women can hang on longer to life. Both men and women are emotional creatures but women
are not afraid or ashamed to cry while men refuse to do so. They are afraid of being thought "soft". Some
men, when they are upset, play loud music or dig in the garden to relieve their feelings. Many men like an
orderly life so that they bury themselves in their work or want a wife with some children or long to take part
in wars where there is a definite chain of command. There is a leader to give orders and a known enemy to
fight against and defeat. All these make men feel they live in a rational world.
So the majority of men like a rational world. Rationality is fine but it does not include everything that
makes life joyful and fun or even messy and frustrating. When a man refuses to cry, he is refusing to accept
that his emotions are part of him. Of course, some men do not follow this pattern. Bob Hawke is capable of
crying in public whereas Margaret Thatcher is probably incapable of crying at any time.
We need to cry because that shows our ability to suffer. If we do not suffer, we are not really alive at
all. Suffering can be creative or destructive. If we can all learn to cry and laugh and shout and dance openly,
we are living creatively and adding something to the human race. We often say men suffer more from stress
and therefore they die earlier. Are we not saying in another way that they do not know how to suffer in the
right way - with tears and laughter instead of silence - and so they are miserable and just give up? That is just
my theory of course. Have you a better one?
1. What does the word “that” in the passage refer to?
A. The fact that men get old and helpless.
B. The fact that they fear to be left alone.
C. The fact that men die younger than women.
D. The fact that they decide to do the leaving first.
2. What's the main question the article is intended to discuss?
A. Why women are more emotional than men.
B. Why suffering is different in men and women.
C. Why men die earlier than women.
D. Why men like a rational world.
3. What is found the same for both men and women?
A. They like to cry. B. They are physically strong.
C. They are emotional creatures. D. They want to play loud music.
4. The phrase “to do the leaving” is closest in meaning to.............
A. set off B. go down C. pass away D. depart
5. What's the writer's opinion toward crying?
A. It is a good thing for people to cry.

B. It is all right for women to cry but shameful for men.
C. Tears are not real signs of suffering.
D. To be silent is better than to cry.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Gerontologists have controlled the process of aging. 

B. Gerontologists are working hard to help people live longer and more healthily. 

C. Gerontologists are trying to give people an eternal life. 

D. Gerontologists are now able to slow down the process of aging.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

American foods began to affect the rest of the world. American emphasis on convenient and rapid consumption is best represented in fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks. By the 1960s and 1970s fast foods became one of America’s strongest exports as franchises for Mc Donald’s and Burger King spread through Europe and other parts of the world, including Russia and China. Traditional meals cooked at home and consumed at a leisurely pace gave way to quick lunches and dinners eaten on the run as other countries imitated American cultural patterns.

By the late 20th century Americans had become more conscious of their diets, eating more poultry, fish and vegetables, and fewer eggs and less beef. Cooks began to rediscover many world cuisines in forms closer to their original. In California, chefs combined fresh fruits and vegetables available with ingredients and spices borrowed from immigrant kitchens to create an innovative cooking style that was lighter than traditional French, but more interesting and varied than typical American cuisine. Along with the state’s wines, California cuisine took its place among the acknowledged forms of fine dining.

Question 28. Fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks_________.

A. are popular because of their nutritious values 

B. are traditional meals of the US people

C. became more popular than meals cooked at home in China.

D. became popular with other European and Asian countries

Question 29. Which of the following is similar in meaning to the word ‘cuisine’?

A. cooking B. cooker C. cookery D. cook

Question 30. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? 

A.America’s cuisine used to have an influence on many countries. 

B. Fast foods became one of America’s strongest exports.

C. Mc Donald’s and Burger King are American food suppliers successful in Europe. 

D. Traditional meals cooked at home are not common in the US. 

Question 31. Which of the following statements is true? 

A. By the late 20th century, fast foods had lost their popularity in the US. 

B. Americans used to eat more poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables than they do now.

C. Cooking styles of other countries began to affect Americans by the late 20th century. 

D. Fewer eggs and less beef in American diet made them fitter.

Question 32. An innovative style of cooking was created in California_________.

A. to attract more immigrants to the state

B. and made the states wines well-known

C. by borrowing recipes from immigrant kitchens 

D. by combining the local specialties with immigrants’ spices

Question 35 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40. 

The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of an infectious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people (36) ___ are infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience cold or flu-like symptoms and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying medical problems like heart disease, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, and cancer are more likely to (37) ___ serious illness. COVID-19 impacts the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions most severely. 

The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is well informed about the COVID-19 virus, what  the disease causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and (38) ___ people from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol-based rub frequently and not touching your face, 

The COVID-19 virus spreads (39) ___ through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it's important that you minimize the potential that you infect someone else. At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. (40) ___ there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. WHO will continue to provide updated information as soon a clinical finding become available. 

(Source: https://www.who.int/emergencles/disease/novel-coronavirus 2019)  

Question 36.  A. who                      B. which                      C. whose                     D. whom 

Question 37.  A. treat                      B. develop                   C. prevent                   D. detect

Question 38.  A. the other               B. others                      C. another                   D. other  

Question 39.  A. partly                    B. slowly                     C. primarily                 D. especially 

Question 40.  A. Therefore                         B. Furthermore           C. Otherwise               D. However 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

One of the most urgent environmental problems in the world today is the shortage of clean water. Having clean drinking water is a basic human right. However, acid rain, industrial pollution and garbage have made many sources of water undrinkable. 

Lakes, reservoirs and even entire seas have become vast pools of poison. Lake Baikal in Russia is one of the largest lakes in the world. It contains a rich variety of animals and plants, including 1,300 rare species that do not exist anywhere else in the world. Yet, they are being destroyed by the massive volumes of industrial effluent which pour into the lake every day. Even though laws have been made, the governments do not have the power to enforce them. Most industries simply ignore the regulations. The Mediterranean Sea occupies 1% of the world's water surface, but it is the dumping ground for 50% of all marine pollution. Almost sixteen countries regularly throw industrial wastes a few miles offshore. 

Water is free to everyone. A few years ago people thought that the supply of clean water in the world was limitless. Today, many water supplies have been ruined by pollution and sewage. Clean water is now scarce, and we are at last beginning to respect it. What should we do to save this precious source?

19. What is the main idea of the reading text?

A. People are throwing poisons into bodies of water. 

B. Clean water is becoming scarce due to pollution and sewage. 

C. Laws have been made to prevent countries from polluting the environment.  

D. Sea water is increasingly polluted by industrial wastes. 

20. According to the reading text, Lake Baikal ________.

A. is the smallest lake in Russia

B. has 1,300 rare and endangered animals

C. is located in the Mediterranean Sea

D. gets a large amount of industrial sewage every day

21. What does the word "them" in the passage refer to?

A. plants B. governments C. laws D. animals

22. The word "marine" is closest in meaning to ________.

A. underground B. mountainous C. inland D. aquatic

Mark letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.

23. Billionaire Pham Nhat Vuong founded Vinfast Automobile Company in 2017.

A. Vinfast Automobile Company is founded by billionaire Pham Nhat Vuong in 2017.

B. Vinfast Automobile Company was founded by billionaire Pham Nhat Vuong in 2017.

C. Vinfast Automobile Company were founded by billionaire Pham Nhat Vuong in 2017.

D. Vinfast Automobile Company has been founded by billionaire Pham Nhat Vuong in 2017.

24. "I am working for an international bank in Hanoi now," my brother said.

A. My brother said (that) he was working for an international bank in Hanoi then.

B. My brother said (that) he was working for an international bank in Hanoi now.

C. My brother said (that) he was working for an international bank in Hanoi at this time.

D. My brother said (that) he was working for an international bank in Hanoi. 

25. If you don’t follow the guidelines from The Ministry of Health, you may be affected by Covid-19.

A. Unless you don’t follow guidelines from The Ministry of Health, you may be affected by Covid-19.

B. Unless you followed guidelines from The Ministry of Health, you may be affected by Covid-19.

C. Unless you follow guidelines from The Ministry of Health, you may not be affected by Covid-19.

D. Unless you follow guidelines from The Ministry of Health, you may be affected by Covid-19.

26. The last time we met Nguyen Quang Hai football player was two months ago.

A. We have met Nguyen Quang Hai football player for two months.

B. We haven’t met Nguyen Quang Hai football player since two months.

C. We haven’t met Nguyen Quang Hai football player for two months.

D. We haven’t met Nguyen Quang Hai football player for two months ago.

27. Jenifer is more intelligent than all the other students in my class.

A. No student in my class is as intelligent as Jenifer is.

B. No student in my class isn’t as intelligent as Jenifer is.

C. No student in my class is as intelligent than Jenifer is.

D. No student in my class is more intelligent as Jenifer is.

28. My sister failed the exam because she was lazy.

A. Because my sister’s laziness, she failed the exam.

B. Because of my sister’s laziness, she failed the exam.

C. Because of my sister was lazy, she failed the exam.

D. Because of my sister laziness, she failed the exam.

29. “What is your name?”  Mary asked Tom. 

A. Mary asked Tom what his name is.

B. Mary asked Tom what his name was.

C. Mary asked Tom what his name were.

D. Mary asked Tom what your name was.

30. Jack can’t tell you about that sight because he doesn’t see it. 

A. If Jack saw that sight, he couldn’t tell you about it.

B. If Jack didn’t see that sight, he could tell you about it.

C. If Jack saw that sight, he could tell you about it.

D. If Jack didn’t see that sight, he couldn’t tell you about it.

_____The end_____

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

     Recent research into the world of teenagers has suggested that they value friendship above everything else. Children aged between 12 and 15 were asked what was important to them. Their answers included possessions such as money and computer gadgets but also relationships with people. The teenagers questioned said that friends were the most important to them, more even than family, or boyfriends and girlfriends.

     We wanted to find out more about the results of this research so we asked our readers what they thought about the value of friendship. Here are some examples of what they said about their friends:

     Ben, 15:

     Every time I have a fight with my parents, I need some time on my own. But after that, the first thing I do is meet up with my friends. After playing football for a while, or skateboarding, I usually feel much happier again.

     Rory, 13:

     When I moved to a village in the countryside, I thought that it would be the end of my friendships. But my old friends have kept in touch and they come and visit during the holidays. There’s a lake nearby, so we often go sailing, waterskiing or windsurfing. And I have made some new friends here too, at school, since I joined the rugby club.

     Carlos, 11:

     Last year, I broke my arm on a skiing holiday. Unfortunately, it was my left arm and I am left-handed. My school friends all helped and copied their notes for me.

     It seems that our readers value their friendships very highly. From what they told us, they spend a lot of time with their friends, just hanging out, or sharing hobbies and interests. They seem to need their friends for advice, help, chats, and for having fun. Clearly, friends make each other feel better. Looking at what our readers told us, the results of the recent research are not really surprising.

28. Why are Ben, Rory and Carlos mentioned in the article?

     A. They know why teenagers value friendship.

     B. They read magazines.

     C. They give information about themselves.

     D. They are teenage boys.

29. Which of the following best describes Ben?

     A. He often has fights.                    B. He is happier than his friends.

     C. He likes being alone.                  D. He likes some sports.

30. What do we know about the lake that Rory visits?

     A. It is near the school.

     B. It is used by a lot of people who do water sports.

     C. It is near his home.

     D. It is a village.

31. Carlos mentions that he is left-handed because ………………………...

     A. it makes skiing harder

     B. it makes it worse that he broke the arm he uses most

     C. it is an interesting fact about himself and he was talking about his left arm

     D. it is very unfortunate when you break your left hand

32. The answers to the recent research and the answers from the readers …..

     A. were surprising                                       B. were similar

     C. were not the same                                              D. were both about sports