* Ta c/m: \(x^5-x⋮30\forall x\in Z\)

+ \(x^5-x=x\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4+5\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)+5\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\)

Vì \(\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\) là tích 5 số nguyên liên tiếp

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮5\\\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮2\\\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮30\) ( do 2,3,5 đôi một nguyên tố cùng nhau ) (1)

+ \(\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\) là tích 3 số nguyên liên tiếp

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮2\\\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮6\) ( do \(\left(2,3\right)=1\) )

\(\Rightarrow5\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮30\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm

Trở lại bài toán ta có:

\(P-M=a^{2019}\left(a^5-a\right)+b^{2019}\left(b^5-b\right)+c^{2019}\left(c^5-c\right)⋮30\)

( do \(a^5-a⋮30,b^5-b⋮30,c^5-c⋮30\) )

=> P và M có cùng số dư khi chia 30

=> P chia 30 dư 7

a là 2022.

b là 2021

c là 2023

Ta có: \(a^5-a=a\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a^2-1\right)=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4+5\right)\)

\(=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4\right)+5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)

\(=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a-2\right)\left(a+2\right)+5\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)⋮5\)( 5 số nguyên liên tiếp chia hết cho 5)

=> \(a^5-a=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)⋮6\)

( 3 số nguyên liên tiếp chia hết cho 2 và chia hết cho 3 nên chia hết cho 6) 

mà 6 .5 = 30 ; ( 6;5) = 1 

=> \(a^5-a⋮30\)

=> \(a^{2020}-a^{2016}=a^{2015}\left(a^5-a\right)⋮30\)

=> \(A=\left(a^{2020}-a^{2016}\right)+\left(b^{2020}-b^{2016}\right)+\left(c^{2020}-c^{2016}\right)⋮30\)

c>

                                        GIẢI:

Q=3+3²+3³+...+3²⁰²⁴

Q=3+3²+(3³+3⁴+3⁵)+(3⁶+3⁷+3⁸)+...+(3²⁰²²+3²⁰²³+3²⁰²⁴)

Q=12+3³(1+3+3²)+3⁶(1+3+3²)+...+3²⁰²²(1+3+3²)

Q=12+3³.13+3⁶.13+...+3²⁰²².13

Q=12+13(3³+3⁶+...+3²⁰²²)

mà [13(3³+3⁶+...+3²⁰²²)] chia hết cho 13

do đó Q:13 dư 12

vậy số dư khi cha Q cho 13 là 12

a) \(A=2+2^2+...+2^{2024}\)

\(2A=2^2+2^3+...+2^{2025}\)

\(2A-A=2^2+2^3+...+2^{2025}-2-2^2-...-2^{2024}\)

\(A=2^{2025}-2\) 

b) \(2A+4=2n\)

\(\Rightarrow2\cdot\left(2^{2025}-2\right)+4=2n\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{2026}-4+4=2n\)

\(\Rightarrow2n=2^{2026}\)

\(\Rightarrow n=2^{2026}:2\)

\(\Rightarrow n=2^{2025}\) 

c) \(A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2024}\)

\(A=\left(2+2^2\right)+\left(2^3+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{2023}+2^{2024}\right)\)

\(A=2\cdot3+2^3\cdot3+...+2^{2023}\cdot3\)

\(A=3\cdot\left(2+2^3+...+2^{2023}\right)\)

d) \(A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2024}\)

\(A=2+\left(2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+\left(2^5+2^6+2^7\right)+...+\left(2^{2022}+2^{2023}+2^{2024}\right)\)

\(A=2+2^2\cdot7+2^5\cdot7+...+2^{2022}\cdot7\)

\(A=2+7\cdot\left(2^2+2^5+...+2^{2022}\right)\)

Mà: \(7\cdot\left(2^2+2^5+...+2^{2022}\right)\) ⋮ 7

⇒ A : 7 dư 2 

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