Bài này bị ngược dấu hả ???

Đây nhé , ta sẽ chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\) thật vậy

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si cho 2 số dương ta được

\(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b^2}.\frac{1}{a}}=\frac{2}{b}\)

\(\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{b}\)

Cộng 2 bđt lại ta được \(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)

                                 \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)

Dấu ''=" xảy ra khi a = b

Bài toán quay trở lại với việc c/m \(\frac{16}{a+b}\ge\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\)với a,b > 0 

Ta có bđt sau \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)(Quen thuộc)

Áp dụng ta được \(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}=\frac{2^2}{a}+\frac{2^2}{b}\ge\frac{\left(2+2\right)^2}{a+b}=\frac{16}{a+b}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\ge\frac{16}{a+b}???\) Trái với điều cần c/m

=> Đề sai 

\(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{16}{a+b}\ge5.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2b^2}+\frac{16}{a+b}\ge\frac{5.\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}+\frac{16}{a+b}\ge\frac{5.\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{a+b}\ge5.\left(a+b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}-1\ge5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}-2\ge6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge8\) (1)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}+\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}.\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=2.\sqrt{16}=2.4=8\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{16}{a+b}\ge5.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}=\frac{16ab}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^4=\left(4ab\right)^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{3}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2}{3}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}=\frac{3^2}{3}+\frac{2.9}{9}=5\)

Dễ thấy các hệ số tương đồng nhau nên có thể biến đổi bđt về dạng sau : 

\(\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2a^2}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{2b^2}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2c^2}{3}\right)\ge5\)

Ta đi chứng minh bđt phụ sau : \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2a^2}{3}\ge\frac{7}{3}-\frac{2a}{3}\)(1)

\(Bđt\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2a^2}{3}-\frac{7}{3}+\frac{2a}{3}\ge0\)

               \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3+2a^4-7a^2+2a^3}{3a^2}\ge0\)

              \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a^4-2a^2+1\right)+2a^3-3a^2+1}{3a^2}\ge0\)

           \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a^2-1\right)^2+2a^2\left(a-1\right)-\left(a^2-1\right)}{3a^2}\ge0\)

         \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a+1\right)^2+2a^2\left(a-1\right)-\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{3a^2}\ge0\)

       \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left[2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)^2+2a^2-a-1\right]}{3a^2}\ge0\)

     \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left[2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)\left(2a+1\right)\right]}{3a^2}\ge0\)

    \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2\left[2\left(a+1\right)^2+2a+1\right]}{3a^2}\ge0\)(Luôn đúng do a > 0 nên [...] > 0)

Dấu "=" <=> a = 1

Thiết lập các bđt còn lại \(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{2b^2}{3}\ge\frac{7}{3}-\frac{2b}{3}\)

                                      \(\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2c^2}{3}\ge\frac{7}{3}-\frac{2c}{3}\)

Cộng 3 vế của bdtd lại ta được

\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{3}\ge7-\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}=7-\frac{2.3}{3}=5\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1

Tìm điểm rơi a=b=c=1 Min=5

Rồi áp dụng UCT giải

Ta có: \(2a+b^2=2a\left(a+b+c\right)+b^2=b^2+2a^2+2ab+2ac\)

\(\ge4ab+2ac+a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2a+b^2}\le\frac{a}{4ab+2ac+a^2}=\frac{1}{4b+2c+a}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{49}.\frac{49}{4b+2c+a}=\frac{1}{49}.\frac{\left(4+2+1\right)^2}{4b+2c+a}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{16}{4b}+\frac{4}{2c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)=\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{4}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)

CMTT: \(\frac{b}{2b+c^2}\le\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{4}{c}+\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right);\frac{c}{2c+a^2}\le\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2a+b^2}+\frac{b}{2b+c^2}+\frac{c}{2c+a^2}\le\frac{1}{7}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )

Ta còn có:

Bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{1}{k\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(\frac{2}{9}-k\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

đúng với mọi a,b,c,k không âm (k = \(\text{constant}\))

1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)

\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\)  (1) 

áp dụng (x² +y² +z²)(m²+n²+p²) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)

(2a²bc +b²c² + 2b²ac+a²c² + 2c²ab+a²b²). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\)   <=> (ab+bc+ca)². VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\)  ( vậy (1) đúng)

dấu '=' khi a=b=c

4b, \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}=1-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+1-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+1-\frac{ca^2}{a^2+c^2}\)

\(\ge3-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}-\frac{bc^2}{2bc}-\frac{ca^2}{2ac}=3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)

4c, 

\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}+\frac{b+1}{c^2+1}+\frac{c+1}{a^2+1}=a+b+c-\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+3--\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\)\(\ge6-2\cdot\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=3\)