Zn + 2HCl ----> ZnCl₂ + H₂

Fe + 2HCl ----> FeCl₂ + H₂

_{\(m_{Cl}=m_{M\text{uối}}-m_{KL}=10,65\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\frac{1}{2}n_{Cl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=3,36\left(l\right)\)}

a, \(2CH_3COOH+Zn\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)

b, \(n_{CH_3COOH}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_3COOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_3COOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{9,5}.100\%\approx68,42\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx31,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.27,375\%=54,75\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl₂ + H₂

a ----> 2a --------> a -----> a

Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂

b ---> 2b -------> b ------> b

Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=43,7\\a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{dd}=43,7+200-0,7.2=242,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.136}{242,3}=28,06\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{242,3}=10,48\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1,5-0,5.2-0,2.2\right).36,5}{242,3}=1,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_{\text{ 4 }}+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
 gọi số mol Zn là x , số mol Fe là y 
=> 65x+56y=43,7
=> a+b=0,7 
=>a=0,5 , b =0,2  
=> \(m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\\ m_{Fe}=43,7-32,5=11,2\left(G\right)\)
 

Gọi số mol Zn, AL là a, b (mol)

=> 65a + 27b = 3,79 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,792}{22,4}=0,08\left(mol\right)\) 

PTHH: Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂

            a---->a------------------->a

            2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

             b---->1,5b-------------------->1,5b

=> a + 1,5b = 0,08 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,05; b = 0,02

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,05.65}{3,79}.100\%=85,752\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,02.27}{3,79}.100\%=14,248\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=a+1,5b=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,08.98=7,84\left(g\right)\)

Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2

a -> a

2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

b -> 1.5b

HPT: 65a+27b=3.79

a + 1.5b = 1.792/22.4= 0.08

Giải HPT ta được a=0.05 b=0.02
mZn = 0.05*65=3.25 (g)

mAl= 0.02*27=0.54 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow65x+27y=3,79\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,792}{22,4}=0,08\)

\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

x        x                                x

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

y          1,5y                                 1,5y

\(\Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,08\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot65}{3,79}\cdot100\%=85,75\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-85,75\%=14,25\%\)

\(\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=x+1,5y=0,05+1,5\cdot0,02=0,08mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,08\cdot98=7,84g\)

a) Gọi số mol CH₃COOH, C₂H₅OH là a, b (mol)

=> 60a + 46b = 25,8 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Na + 2CH₃COOH --> 2CH₃COONa + H₂

                               a------------------------->0,5a

           2Na + 2C₂H₅OH --> 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂

                           b--------------------->0,5b

=> 0,5a + 0,5b = 0,25 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{25,8}.100\%=46,51\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,3.46}{25,8}.100\%=53,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{13,2}{88}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH --H₂SO_4(đ),t^o--> CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo CH₃COOH

PTHH: CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH --H₂SO_4(đ),t^o--> CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

                   0,15<---------------------------------0,15

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}.100\%=75\%\)

a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 

2C₂H₅OH + 2Na ---> 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂

a---------------------------------------->0,5a

2CH₃COOH + 2Na ---> 2CH₃COONa + H₂

b------------------------------------------------>0,5b

=> hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+60b=48,8\\0,5a+0,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,8\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100\%=75,41\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,41\%=24,59\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, PTHH:

\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_4đặc}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)

LTL: 0,8 > 0,2 => Rượu dư

\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(tt\right)}=0,2.85\%=0,17\left(mol\right)\\ m_{este}=0,17.88=14,96\left(g\right)\)

a.Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=x\\n_{CH_3COOH}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)

\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)

             x                                          1/2 x         ( mol )

\(2CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2\)

        y                                                      1/2 y       ( mol )

Ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46x+60y=48,8\\\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,8\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8g\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100=75,4\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,4\%=24,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(H_2SO_4\left(đ\right),t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)

        0,8     <          0,2                                                                       ( mol )

                               0,2                                             0,2                    ( mol )

\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0,2.88.85\%=14,96g\) 

V = 0,1 : 0,5 = 0,2 (l)

_​                 a                       ->                 3/2a

Fe  + H₂SO₄  -> FeSO₄  + H₂

a                        ->             a

c