\(x,y,z>0\)

Áp dụng BĐT Caushy cho 3 số ta có:

\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3xyz\ge3.1=3\)

\(P=\dfrac{x^3-1}{x^2+y+z}+\dfrac{y^3-1}{x+y^2+z}+\dfrac{z^3-1}{x+y+z^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z^2\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Caushy-Schwarz ta có:

\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}=0\)

\(P=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)

Vậy \(P_{min}=0\)

\(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3};\frac{y}{z}=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{1}=\frac{z}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{12}\)

=>x=2k;y=3k;z=12k

thay vào ta có:

\(\frac{1}{2k}+\frac{1}{3k}+\frac{1}{12k}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{k}+\frac{1}{3}.\frac{1}{k}+\frac{1}{12}.\frac{1}{k}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{12}\right)\frac{1}{k}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{11}{12}.\frac{1}{k}=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{k}=\frac{1}{\frac{11}{12}}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{11}{6};y=\frac{11}{4};z=11\)

\(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3};\frac{y}{z}=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{1}=\frac{z}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{12}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=2k;y=3k;z=12k\)

Thay vào ta có:

\(\frac{1}{2k}+\frac{1}{3k}+\frac{1}{12k}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{k}+\frac{1}{3}.\frac{1}{k}+\frac{1}{12}.\frac{1}{k}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{12}\right)\frac{1}{k}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{11}{12}.\frac{1}{k}=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{k}=\frac{1}{\frac{11}{12}}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{11}{6};y=\frac{11}{4};z=11\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng TCDTSBN:

$\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{x}=\frac{x+y+z}{y+z+x}=1$

$\Rightarrow x=y; y=z; z=x\Rightarrow x=y=z$

Khi đó:

$|x+y|=|z-1|$

$\Leftrightarrow |2x|=|x-1|$

$\Rightarrow 2x=x-1$ hoặc $2x=-(x-1)$

$\Rightarrow x=-1$ hoặc $x=\frac{1}{3}$ (đều thỏa mãn)

Vậy $(x,y,z)=(-1,-1,-1)$ hoặc $(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3})$