III. Rewrite sentences by combining two sentences into one sentence and using suggested clues:

1. The air is so dirty. I sneeze so much. ​CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 2

____________________________________________________________________________

2. Their children have birth defects. The parents were exposed to radiation.​BECAUSE

____________________________________________________________________________

3. The air pollution causes breathing problems.​LEADS

1. The air is so dirty. I sneeze so much. (conditional setence type 2)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Their children have birth defects. The parents were exposed to radiation. (because)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. The air pollution causes breathing problems. (leads) ____________________________________________________________________
4. Acid rain is dangerous. Trees’ leaves are damaged. (because of)
____________________________________________________________________ 5. Noise pollution happens. There is a change in animals’ living pattern. (causes)
____________________________________________________________________
6. Fossil fuels such as coal or oil are burned. Acid gases are produced. (so)
____________________________________________________________________
7. Radioactive pollution is very dangerous. It can cause abnormal growth. (since)
____________________________________________________________________
8. The area is empty. The nuclear accident happened. (made)
____________________________________________________________________

1. The air is so dirty. I sneeze so much. (conditional setence type 2)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Their children have birth defects. The parents were exposed to radiation. (because)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. The air pollution causes breathing problems. (leads) ____________________________________________________________________
4. Acid rain is dangerous. Trees’ leaves are damaged. (because of)
____________________________________________________________________ 5. Noise pollution happens. There is a change in animals’ living pattern. (causes)
____________________________________________________________________
6. Fossil fuels such as coal or oil are burned. Acid gases are produced. (so)
____________________________________________________________________
7. Radioactive pollution is very dangerous. It can cause abnormal growth. (since)
____________________________________________________________________
8. The area is empty. The nuclear accident happened. (made)
____________________________________________________________________

choose the best answer.

1. he didn't know why pluto _______ as a ''dwarf planet".

a. was reclassified  b. were reclassified  c. had been reclassified  d. had reclassified

2. if parents __________ to radiation, their may possibly have birth defects.

a. are exposed  b. is exposed  c. was exposed  d. were exposed

3. the journalist wanted to know if she _______ an appointment with you for a quick interview.

a. can get  b. can make  c. could get  d. could make

_{P/s: làm và gt hộ e ạ}

Give correct form of the words in brackets:

1. Factories dump................ waste into lakes and rivers . (industry)

2. The .............. of water can make people and other animals die . (contaminate)

3.Households dump waste into the river so it is ................(pollute)

4.Since the parents were exposed to............. , their children have birth defects .(radioactive)

5. If we use water ............., more people will have fresh water.(care)

6. The.................. fish are floating in the water . (die)

7. Do you know what.............. cause air pollution? (pollute)

8. The river is .........................by the dumping from nearby factories.(contaminate)

9. Noise pollution can also lead to headaches and high blood..........................(press)

10. Dumping........................waste into the lakes and rivers has cause serious water pollution.(industry)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

A considerable body of research has demonstrated a correlation between birth order and aspects such as temperament and behavior, and some psychologists believe that birth order significantly affects the development of personality. Psychologist Alfred Adler was a pioneer in the study of the relationship between birth order and personality. A key point in his research and in the hypothesis that he developed based on it was that it was not the actual numerical birth position that affected personality; instead, it was the similar responses in large numbers of families to children in specific birth order positions that had an effect. For example, first-borns, who have their parents to themselves initially and do not have to deal with siblings in the first part of their lives, tend to have their first socialization experiences with adults and therefore tend to find the process of peer socialization more difficult. In contrast, later-born children have to deal with siblings from the first moment of their lives and therefore tend to have stronger socialization skills.

Numerous studies since Adler’s have been conducted on the effect of birth order and personality. These studies have tended to classify birth order types into four different categories: first-born, second-born and/or middle, last, and only child.

Studies have consistently shown that first-born children tend to exhibit similar, positive and negative personality traits. First-borns have consistently been linked with academic achievement in various studies; in one study, the number of National Merit scholarship winners who are first-borns was found to be equal to the number of second-and third-borns combined. First-borns have been found to be more responsible and assertive than those born in other birth-order positions and tend to rise to positions of leadership more often than others; more first-borns have served in the U.S. Congress and as U.S. presidents than have those born in other birth-order positions. However, studies have shown that first-borns tend to be more subject to stress and were considered problem children more often than later-borns.

Second-born and/or middle children demonstrate markedly different tendencies from first-borns. They tend to feel inferior to the older child or children because it is difficult for them to comprehend that their lower level of achievement is a function of age rather than ability, and they often try to succeed in areas other than those in which their older sibling or siblings excel. They tend to be more trusting, accepting and focused on others than the more self-centered first-borns, and they tend to have a comparatively higher level of success in team sports than do first-borns or only children, who more often excel in individual sports.

The last-born child is the one who tends to be the eternal baby of the family and thus often exhibits a strong sense of security. Last-borns collectively achieve the highest degree of social success and demonstrate the highest levels of self-esteem of all the birth-order positions. They often exhibit less competitiveness than older brothers and sisters and are more likely to take part in less competitive group games or in social organizations such as sororities and fraternities.

Only children tend to exhibit some of the main characteristics of first-borns and some of the characteristics of last-borns. Only children tend to exhibit the strong sense of security and self-esteem exhibited by last-borns while, like first-borns, they are more achievement oriented and more likely than middle-or last-borns to achieve academic success. However, only children tend to have the most problems establishing close relationships and exhibit a lower need for affiliation than other children

Which of the following would be most likely to have a successful career but few close friendships?

A. A second-born

B. A middle child

C. A last-born

D. An only child

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming back to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hide. But all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They are called “latchkey children”. They are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad condition has become a subject of concern.

Lynette Long was once the principal of an elementary school. She said, “we had a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys attached. I was constantly telling them to put the keys inside shirts. There were so many keys; it never came to my mind what they meant.” Slowly, she learned that they were house keys. She and her husband began talking to the children who had keys. They learned of the effect working couples and single parents were having on their children. Fear wasthe biggest problem faced by children at home alone. One in three latchkey children the Longs talked to reported being frightened. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety. The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding. They may hide in a shower stall, under a bed or in a closet. The second is TV. They often turn the volume up. It’s hard to get statistics on latchkey children, the Longs have learned. Most parents are slow to admit that they leave their children alone.

Question 44. What is the most common way for latchkey children to deal with fears?

A. Talking to the Longs

B. Hiding somewhere

C. lying under a TV

D. having a shower

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        A considerable body of research has demonstrated a correlation between birth order and aspects such as temperament and behavior, and some psychologists believe that birth order significantly affects the development of personality. Psychologist Alfred Adler was a pioneer in the study of the relationship between birth order and personality. A key point in his research and in the hypothesis that he developed based on it was that it was not the actual numerical birth position that affected personality; instead, it was the similar responses in large numbers of families to children in specific birth order positions that had an effect. For example, first - borns, who have their parents to themselves initially and do not have to deal with siblings in the first part of their lives, tend to have their first socialization experiences with adults and therefore tend to find the process of peer socialization more difficult. In contrast, later-born children have to deal with siblings from the first moment of their lives and therefore tend to have stronger socialization skills.

        Numerous studies since Adler’s have been conducted on the effect of birth order and personality. These studies have tended to classify birth order types into four different categories: first-born, second-born and/or middle, last, and only child.

        Studies have consistently shown that first-bom children tend to exhibit similar, positive and negative personality traits. First-borns have consistently been linked with academic achievement in various studies; in one study, the number of National Merit scholarship winners who are first­ - borns was found to be equal to the number of second - and third-borns combined. First - borns have been found to be more responsible and assertive than those born in other birth-order positions and tend to rise to positions of leadership more often than others; more first - borns have served in the U.S. Congress and as U.S. presidents than have those born in other birth - ­order positions. However, studies have shown that first-borns tend to be more subject to stress and were considered problem children more often than later-borns.

        Second-born and/or middle children demonstrate markedly different tendencies from first­borns. They tend to feel inferior to the older child or children because it is difficult for them to comprehend that their lower level of achievement is a function of age rather than ability, and they often try to succeed in areas other than those in which their older sibling or siblings excel. They tend to be more trusting, accepting, and focused on others than the more self-centered first-borns, and they tend to have a comparatively higher level of success in team sports than do first-borns or only children, who more often excel in individual sports.

        The last-born child is the one who tends to be the eternal baby of the family and thus often exhibits a strong sense of security. Last-borns collectively achieve the highest degree of social success and demonstrate the highest levels of self - esteem of all the birth-order positions. They often exhibit less competitiveness than older brothers and sisters and are more likely to take part in less competitive group games or in social organizations such as sororities and fraternities.

        Only children tend to exhibit some of the main characteristics of first-borns and some of the characteristics of last-borns. Only children tend to exhibit the strong sense of security and self­esteem exhibited by last-borns while, like first-borns, they are more achievement oriented and more likely than middle-or last-borns to achieve academic success. However, only children tend to have the most problems establishing close relationships and exhibit a lower need for affiliation than other children.

Which of the following is NOT true?

A. First-borns tend to do well in individual sports. 

B. Middle children tend to have a preference for team sports.

C. Last-borns tend to prefer games with fierce competition. 

D. Only children tend to prefer individual over team sports.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

        A considerable body of research has demonstrated a correlation between birth order and aspects such as temperament and behavior, and some psychologists believe that birth order significantly affects the development of personality. Psychologist Alfred Adler was a pioneer in the study of the relationship between birth order and personality. A key point in his research and in the hypothesis that he developed based on it was that it was not the actual numerical birth position that affected personality; instead, it was the similar responses in large numbers of families to children in specific birth order positions that had an effect. For example, first - borns, who have their parents to themselves initially and do not have to deal with siblings in the first part of their lives, tend to have their first socialization experiences with adults and therefore tend to find the process of peer socialization more difficult. In contrast, later-born children have to deal with siblings from the first moment of their lives and therefore tend to have stronger socialization skills.

        Numerous studies since Adler’s have been conducted on the effect of birth order and personality. These studies have tended to classify birth order types into four different categories: first-born, second-born and/or middle, last, and only child.

        Studies have consistently shown that first-bom children tend to exhibit similar, positive and negative personality traits. First-borns have consistently been linked with academic achievement in various studies; in one study, the number of National Merit scholarship winners who are first­ - borns was found to be equal to the number of second - and third-borns combined. First - borns have been found to be more responsible and assertive than those born in other birth-order positions and tend to rise to positions of leadership more often than others; more first - borns have served in the U.S. Congress and as U.S. presidents than have those born in other birth - ­order positions. However, studies have shown that first-borns tend to be more subject to stress and were considered problem children more often than later-borns.

        Second-born and/or middle children demonstrate markedly different tendencies from first­borns. They tend to feel inferior to the older child or children because it is difficult for them to comprehend that their lower level of achievement is a function of age rather than ability, and they often try to succeed in areas other than those in which their older sibling or siblings excel. They tend to be more trusting, accepting, and focused on others than the more self-centered first-borns, and they tend to have a comparatively higher level of success in team sports than do first-borns or only children, who more often excel in individual sports.

        The last-born child is the one who tends to be the eternal baby of the family and thus often exhibits a strong sense of security. Last-borns collectively achieve the highest degree of social success and demonstrate the highest levels of self - esteem of all the birth-order positions. They often exhibit less competitiveness than older brothers and sisters and are more likely to take part in less competitive group games or in social organizations such as sororities and fraternities.

        Only children tend to exhibit some of the main characteristics of first-borns and some of the characteristics of last-borns. Only children tend to exhibit the strong sense of security and self­esteem exhibited by last-borns while, like first-borns, they are more achievement oriented and more likely than middle-or last-borns to achieve academic success. However, only children tend to have the most problems establishing close relationships and exhibit a lower need for affiliation than other children.

The word traits in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________.

A. stresses

B. marks

C. characteristics

D. fears