\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+x+2=y\left(2x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{2x^2+x+2}{2x-1}=x+1+\dfrac{3}{2x-1}\)

\(y\in Z\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2x-1}\in Z\)

Mà x nguyên dương \(\Rightarrow2x-1>0\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-1=Ư\left(3\right)\Rightarrow x=\left\{1;2\right\}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;5\right);\left(2;4\right)\)

Lời giải:
$2x^2+y^2+2xy-6x-2y=8$

$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+y^2+2xy)+x^2-6x-2y=8$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2-2(x+y)+x^2-4x=8$

$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2-2(x+y)+1+(x^2-4x+4)=13$

$\Leftrightarrow (x+y-1)^2+(x-2)^2=13$
$\Rightarrow (x-2)^2=13-(x+y-1)^2\leq 13$
Mà $(x-2)^2$ là scp với mọi $x$ nguyên nên $(x-2)^2\in\left\{0; 1; 4; 9\right\}$

Nếu $(x-2)^2=0\Rightarrow (x+y-1)^2=13-(x-2)^2=13$ (không là scp - loại) 

Nếu $(x-2)^2=1\Rightarrow (x+y-1)^2=12$ (không là scp - loại)

Nếu $(x-2)^2=4\Rightarrow (x+y-1)^2=9$

$\Rightarrow x-2=\pm 2$ và $x+y-1=\pm 3$
TH1: $x-2=2; x+y-1=3\Rightarrow x=4; y=0$

TH2: $x-2=2; x+y-1=-3\Rightarrow x=4; y=-6$

TH3: $x-2=-2; x+y-1=3\Rightarrow x=0; y=4$

TH4: $x-2=-2; x+y-1=-3\Rightarrow x=0; y=-2$

Nếu $(x-2)^=9\Rightarrow (x+y-1)^2=4$ (bạn cũng làm tương tự trên)

Ta có :

\(2x^2+y^2-6x+2xy-2y+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-2\left(x+y\right)+1+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=-1\\x=2\end{cases}}\)

Ta có: \(2x^2+2y^2-x-y-2xy+\frac{1}{2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)+\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2-y+\frac{1}{4}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{1}{2}^2\right)=0\)

Nhận xét \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0;\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0;\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\\\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\y-\frac{1}{2}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=y=\frac{1}{2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2xy-6x-5y=18\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(y-3\right)-5\left(y-3\right)=33\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-5\right)\left(y-3\right)=33\)

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