\(M=x^2+y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+4\)

\(M=\left(1-2xy\right)+\dfrac{1-2xy}{\left(xy\right)^2}+4=\dfrac{1}{\left(xy\right)^2}-\dfrac{2}{xy}-2xy+5\\ \)đặt 1/xy= t \(\left(x+y\right)=1\Rightarrow xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow t\ge4\)

\(M=t^2-2t-\dfrac{2}{t}+5\)

khi t > 1 hiển nhiên M luôn tăng khi t tăng => \(Mmin=M\left(4\right)=4.4-2.4-\dfrac{2}{4}+5=\dfrac{25}{2}\)

Đẳng thức khi t=4 => xy=1/4 => x=y=1/2

Theo bất đẳng thức Cô-Si, ta có \(1=x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\to xy\le\frac{1}{4}.\) Do vậy áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-Si 

\(xy+\frac{1}{xy}=xy+\frac{1}{16xy}+\frac{15}{16xy}\ge2\sqrt{xy\cdot\frac{1}{16xy}}+\frac{15}{16\cdot\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{17}{4}.\)

a. Ta có \(M=\left(xy\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(xy\right)^2}+2=\left(xy+\frac{1}{xy}\right)^2\ge\left(\frac{17}{4}\right)^2=\frac{289}{16}.\)  Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}.\) Vây giá trị bé nhất của M là \(\frac{289}{16}.\)
b.  Theo bất đẳng thức Cô-Si 

\(N\ge2\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)=2\left(xy+\frac{1}{xy}\right)+2\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge2\cdot\frac{17}{4}+4\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{x}}=\frac{25}{2}.\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi và chỉ \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}.\) 

Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có

\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz\left(xy+1\right)^2.\left(yz+1\right)^2.\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}}=A\)

  Ta có   \(A=3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{xy+1}{x}\right)\left(\frac{yz+1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{zx+1}{z}\right)}=3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)

Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có

\(A\ge3\sqrt[3]{8\sqrt{\frac{xyz}{xyz}}}=3.2=6\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=\(\frac{1}{2}\)

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\(3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)

\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{4z}+\frac{1}{4z}+\frac{1}{4z}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)}\)

\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{5\sqrt[5]{\frac{y}{256x^4}}\cdot5\sqrt[5]{\frac{z}{256y^4}}\cdot5\sqrt[5]{\frac{x}{256z^4}}}\)

\(=3\sqrt[3]{125\sqrt[5]{\frac{xyz}{256^3\left(xyz\right)^4}}}\)

\(=15\sqrt[3]{\sqrt[5]{\frac{1}{256^3\left(xyz\right)^3}}}\)

\(\ge15\sqrt[15]{\frac{1}{256^3\cdot\left(\frac{x+y+z}{3}\right)^9}}\)

\(\ge15\sqrt[15]{\frac{1}{256^3\cdot\frac{1}{2^9}}}=\frac{15}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)

Không phải ngược đâu nha mọi người,dấu bằng không xảy ra nhé!

Bài này thì AM-GM thôi 

\(P=\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\)

Sử dụng BĐT AM-GM cho 3 số không âm ta có :

\(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)^2}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(zx+1\right)}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz\left(xy+1\right)^2\left(yz+1\right)^2\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}}\)

\(=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}}=3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{xy+1}{x}\right)\left(\frac{yz+1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{zx+1}{z}\right)}\)

\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{xy}{x}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(\frac{yz}{y}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{zx}{z}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}=3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)

Tiếp tục sử dụng AM-GM cho 2 số không âm ta được :

\(3\sqrt[3]{\left(2\sqrt[2]{y\frac{1}{x}}\right)\left(2\sqrt[2]{z\frac{1}{y}}\right)\left(2\sqrt[2]{x\frac{1}{z}}\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(2\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}\right)\left(2\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}\right)\left(2\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}}\right)}\)

\(=3\sqrt[3]{8\left(\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}.\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}.\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}}\right)}=3\sqrt[3]{8.\sqrt{\frac{xyz}{xyz}}}=3\sqrt[3]{8}=3.2=6\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)

Vậy \(Min_P=6\)đạt được khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)

Ta có: \(M=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(y^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)=x^2y^2+1+1+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^4y^4+2x^2y^2+1}{x^2y^2}=\frac{\left(x^2y^2+1\right)^2}{x^2y^2}=\left(xy+\frac{1}{xy}\right)^2\)\(Tac\text{ó}:xy+\frac{1}{xy}=xy+\frac{1}{16xy}+\frac{15}{16xy}\)\(\text{ \text{áp} d\text{ụng} b\text{đ}t c\text{ô} si ta c\text{ó}: }\)

Áp dụng bddt cô si ta có :\(xy+\frac{1}{16xy}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy.1}{16xy}}=\frac{2.1}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^{2\Rightarrow}}{4}\Rightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{16xy}\ge\frac{4}{16}\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{15}{16xy}\le\frac{60}{16}=\frac{15}{4}\)\(\Rightarrow M=\left(xy+\frac{1}{xy}\right)^2\ge\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{15}{4}\right)^2=\left(\frac{17}{4}\right)^2=\frac{289}{16}\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

Đặt \(A=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(y^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\)

\(=y^2\left(x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)+\frac{1}{x^2}\left(x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\)

\(=x^2y^2+1+1+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}\)

\(=x^2y^2+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+2\)

\(=2+\left(x^2y^2+\frac{1}{256x^2y^2}\right)+\frac{255}{256x^2y^2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số không âm:

\(x^2y^2+\frac{1}{256x^2y^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2}{256x^2y^2}}=\frac{1}{8}\)

C/m bđt phụ : \(1=\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Rightarrow16x^2y^2\le1\Leftrightarrow256x^2y^2\le16\Leftrightarrow\frac{255}{256x^2y^2}\ge\frac{255}{16}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge2+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{255}{16}=\frac{289}{16}\)

(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2y^2=\frac{1}{256x^2y^2}\\x-y=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\))

Mù mắt với BĐT AM-GM:

\(A=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(y^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{16y^2}+...+\frac{1}{16y^2}\right)\left(y^2+\frac{1}{16x^2}+....+\frac{1}{16x^2}\right)\) (gồm có 16 phân thức \(\frac{1}{16y^2}\left(\text{ở ngoặc thứ nhất}\right),16\text{ phân thức}\frac{1}{16x^2}\left(\text{ở ngoặc thứ hai }\right)\))

\(\ge17^2\sqrt[17]{\frac{x^2}{16^{16}y^{32}}}\sqrt[17]{\frac{y^2}{16^{16}x^{32}}}=17^2\sqrt[17]{\frac{1}{16^{32}x^{30}y^{30}}}\)

\(\ge17^2\sqrt[17]{\frac{1}{16^{32}\left[\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\right]^{30}}}=17^2\sqrt[17]{\frac{1}{16^{17}}}=\frac{17^2}{16}=\frac{289}{16}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

M=\(\left(1-\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{y^2}\right) \)
=\(\left(1-\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
=\(\frac{x-1}{x}.\frac{y-1}{y}.\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right).\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
=\(\frac{x-\left(x+y\right)}{x}.\frac{y-\left(x+y\right)}{y}.\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right).\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
=\(\frac{\left(-x\right).\left(-y\right)}{xy}.\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right).\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
=\(\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)=1+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{xy}\) \(\ge1+\frac{4}{x+y}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{4}}=9\)
Vậy GTNN của M là 9 khi x=y=\(\frac{1}{2}\)