1. should have bought
2. should have stayed
3. mustn't have hurt
4. could have been

5. must get

Complete the following sentences with could/should/ shouldn’t/must/couldn’t + have + pp or should/must + infinitive

1. Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so they ...must have been....... short of money (be)

2. Don passed the exam without studying for it. The exam ..couldn't have been.... very difficult (be)

3. She knew everything about our plans. she ...could have listened...... to our conversation (listen)

1. Did you hear me come in last night? – No, I must have been sleeping.
2. You helped him. (You helped him but he didn’t need help).
3. I wonder who broke the wineglass; it may have been the cat, for she was out all day.
4. He is back already. – He must have started very early.
5. I told him to turn left and he immediately turned right. – He may not have understood you.
6. The door was open.
- It must have been left open. I had locked it myself, and the key was in my pocket.
7. I’ve opened another bottle.
- You shouldn’t have done that. We've just only started this one.
8. I saw Ann in the library yesterday. You may not have seen her; she’s still abroad.
9. I’ve made two copies. You needn’t have made two. One would have been enough.
10. I had to get down the mountain in thick fog. – That must have been difficult.
11. We’ve sent for a doctor. – You needn’t have sent for him. I’m perfectly well.
12. He couldn’t have walked from here to London in two hours. It isn’t possible.
13. I had my umbrella when I came out, but I haven’t got it now. – You must have left it on the bus.
14. Why didn’t you wait for me yesterday? – I waited five minutes. – You should have waited a little longer.
15. Perhaps he swam across. – No, he can’t have done that; he can’t swim.

16. You would have a very good dinner if you only paid 3.
17. That carpet was entirely made by hand. – It must have taken a long time.
18. The machine said “You weigh 63 kg,” and I said, “Thank you.”
- You didn’t say anything.
19. I have just watered the roses.
– You needn’t have watered them. Look, it’s raining now.
20. A: I have finished.
B: But you were only halfway through when I went to bed. You must have worked all night.
21. A: I’ve written to Paul.
B: You needn’t have written to him. He’s coming here tomorrow. You’ll see him before he gets your letter.
22. I left my bicycle here, and now it’s gone. – Someone must have borrowed it.

I. Fill in the spaces in the following sentences with one auxiliary + perfect infinitive
( must, can’t, might, may, need, should….. + have PII)
1. Did you hear me come in last night. – No, I (sleep) .....must have slept.............. ...................
2. You (help) .............needn't have helped...... ................... him. (You helped him but he didn’t need
help).
3. I wonder who broke the wineglass; it (be) .......can't have been........... ................... the cat for she
was out all day.
4. He is back already. – He (start) ........must have started........... ................... very early.
5. I told him to turn left and he immediately turned right. – He (understand)
..........mustn't have understood......... you.
6. The door was open.
- It (be) ....mustn't have been............... ................... open. I had locked it myself and the key was in
my pocket.
7. I’ve opened another bottle.
- You (do) ......shouldn't have done............. ................... that. We've just only started this one.
8. I saw Ann in the library yesterday. You (see) ........can't have seen........... ................... her; she’s
still abroad.
9. I’ve made two copies. You (make) ..needn't have made................. ................... two. One would have
been enough.
10. I had to get down the mountain in a thick fog. – That (be) ........must have been...........
................... difficult.

11. We’ve sent for a doctor. – You (send) ..........needn't have sent......... ................... for him. I’m
perfectly well.
12. He (walk) ......may walk............. ................... from here to London in two hours. It isn’t
possible.
13. I had my umbrella when I came out but I haven’t got now. – You (leave)
................... ......might have left............. on the bus.
14. Why didn’t you wait for me yesterday? – I waited five minutes. – You (wait)
.........should have waited.......... ................... a little longer.
15. Perhaps he swam across. – No, he (do) .......mustn't have done............ ................... that; he can’t
swim.

16. We went to a restaurant and had a very good dinner for 3.
17. That carpet was entirely made by hand. – It (take) .........must have taken.......... ................... a long
time.
18. The machine said “you weigh 63 kg,” and I said “Thank you.”
- You (say) ...needn't have said................ ................... anything.
19. I have just watered the roses.
– You (water) .......needn't have watered............ ................... them. Look, it’s raining now.
20. A: I have finished.
B: But you were only half way through when I went to bed. You (work)
..................must have worked. ................... all night.
21. A: I’ve written to Paul.
B: You (write) ........needn't have written........... ................... to him. He’s coming here tomorrow.
You’ll see him before he gets your letter.
22. I left my bicycle here, and now it’s gone. – Someone (borrow) ...................
.........must have borrowed.......... it.

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. B

5. C

6. B

27C

28C

29C

30C

31C(tham khao c31)

32A

1 It’s a good idea to bring a first-aid kit.

(Đây là ý tưởng hay khi mang theo bộ sơ cứu.)

You should bring a first-aid kit.

(Bạn nên mang theo bộ sơ cứu.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính khuyên nên làm gì, không mang tính bắt buộc → should

2 Never eat the fruit on the trees.

(Không bao giờ ăn trái cây trên cây.)

You mustn’t eat the fruit on the trees.

(Bạn không được ăn trái cây trên cây.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính ra lệnh ‘never’, ngăn cấm người khác không được làm gì → mustn’t

3 It’s necessary to bring a sleeping bag.

(Đây là điều cần thiết khi mang theo túi ngủ.)

You should bring a sleeping bag.

(Bạn nên mang theo túi ngủ.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính khuyên nên làm gì, không mang tính bắt buộc → should

4 It isn’t a good idea to wear new clothes.

(Không phải là ý kiến hay khi mặc quần áo mới.)

You shouldn’t wear new clothes.

(Bạn không nên mặc quần áo mới.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính khuyên không nên làm gì, không mang tính bắt buộc → shouldn’t

5 Never swim in the river.

(Không bao giờ bơi trên sông.)

You mustn’t swim in the river.

(Bạn không được bơi trên sông.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính ra lệnh ‘never’, ngăn cấm người khác không được làm gì → mustn’t

6 It’s a good idea to carry a water bottle.

(Đây là một ý hay khi mang theo một chai nước.)

You should carry a water bottle.

(Bạn nên mang theo một chai nước.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính khuyên nên làm gì, không mang tính bắt buộc → should

7 It’s necessary to be quiet at night. No talking! 

(Cần phải giữ yên tĩnh vào ban đêm. Không nói chuyện!)

You must quiet at night.

(Bạn phải giữ yên tĩnh vào ban đêm.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính ra lệnh ‘No talking!’, ra lệnh người khác phải làm gì → must

8 It isn’t a good idea to bring a mobile phone.

(Không phải là ý hay khi mang theo điện thoại di động.)

You shouldn’t bring a mobile phone.

(Bạn không nên mang theo điện thoại di động.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính khuyên không nên làm gì, không mang tính bắt buộc → shouldn’t

1 All visitors must follow the rules at the sportscentre. This is very important.

(Tất cả du khách phải tuân theo các quy định tại trung tâm thể thao. Điều này là rất quan trọng.)

Giải thích: ‘the rules at sports centre’ là những điều luật bắt buộc phải tuân theo → must 

2 You shouldn’t bring expensive watches or jewelry to the sports centre. It isn’t a good idea.

(Bạn không nên mang đồng hồ hoặc đồ trang sức đắt tiền đến trung tâm thể thao. Đó không phải là một ý kiến hay.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính khuyên không nên làm gì, không mang tính bắt buộc → shouldn’t

3 In the swimming pool, parents must watch their children at all times. This is an important rule.

(Trong bể bơi, cha mẹ phải quan sát con cái của họ mọi lúc. Đây là một quy tắc quan trọng.)

Giải thích: ‘this is an important rule’ đây là điều luật bắt buộc phải tuân theo → must 

4 You mustn’t run near the swimming pool. This is forbidden.

(Bạn không được chạy gần hồ bơi. Điều này bị cấm.)

Giải thích: ‘this is forbiden’ đây là hành động bị cấm làm, không được làm → mustn’t

5 You should walk or cycle to the sports centre if possible, because the car park isn’t very big.

(Bạn nên đi bộ hoặc đạp xe đến trung tâm thể thao nếu có thể, vì bãi đậu xe không lớn lắm.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính khuyên nên làm gì, không mang tính bắt buộc → should

6 Children under the age of 12 mustn’t come to the sports centre without an adult. This is against the rules.

(Trẻ em dưới 12 tuổi không được đến trung tâm thể thao mà không có người lớn. Điều này là trái với các quy tắc.)

Giải thích: ‘this is against the rules’ đây là hành động không được làm, chống lại các luật lệ→ mustn’t

7 Visitors should look at the information about our cheaper tickets in the holidays.

(Du khách nên xem thông tin về vé rẻ hơn của chúng tôi trong những ngày lễ.)

Giải thích: là câu mang tính khuyên nên làm gì, không mang tính bắt buộc → should

8 The sports centre doors always close at 7:00. Everybody must leave by this time.

(Cửa trung tâm thể thao luôn đóng lúc 7:00. Mọi người phải rời đi vào lúc này.)

Giải thích: đây là điều mang tính tần suất cao nhất là luôn luôn, và người đọc phải thực hiện hành động trước khi điều này xảy ra → must

1. In Britain many children ______ must______ wear uniform when they go to school.

2. That restaurant __________must____ be very good. It’s always full of people.

3. I think the government _______should_______ do more to help homeless people.

4. We have plenty of time for doing the work. We _____needn't_________ be hurried.

5. You ___needn't__________ ring the bell; I have a key.

6. I _________must_____ get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of things I want to do.

7. You ________needn't______ explain that again because I understand everything now.

8. I ________must________ do that again. It’s my promise.

9. You ______should_______ take your umbrella along with you today. It ___may_________ rain later on this afternoon.

10.You_______shouldn't______have been absent from that important session.