a)  đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Leftrightarrow a=b.k;c=d.k\)

          \(\frac{3a+2c}{3b+2d}=\frac{3b.k+2.d.k}{3b+2d}=\frac{k\left(3b+2d\right)}{3b+2d}=k\)

    b)          bó tay

a/ Đặt :

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có :

\(VT=\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk-b}{bk+b}=\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\left(1\right)\)

\(VP=\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk-d}{dk+d}=\dfrac{d\left(k-1\right)}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)

b/ Đặt :

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có :

\(VT=\dfrac{2a-5b}{3a+4b}=\dfrac{2bk-5b}{3bk+4b}=\dfrac{b\left(2k-5\right)}{b\left(3k+4\right)}=\dfrac{2k-5}{3k+4}\left(1\right)\)

\(VP=\dfrac{2c-5d}{3c+4d}=\dfrac{2dk-5d}{3dk+4d}=\dfrac{d\left(2k-5\right)}{d\left(3k+4\right)}=\dfrac{2k-5}{3k+4}\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)

đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)

=> a=bk, c=dk  =>\(\frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\frac{b\left(2k+5\right)}{b\left(3k-4\right)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\)(1)

=> \(\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\frac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\) ( 2)

từ (1)( 2)=> \(\frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)

câu b c/m tg tự 

a.d = b.c ⇒ \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{5b}{5d}\) = \(\dfrac{3a}{3c}=\dfrac{2b}{2d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{5b}{5d}=\dfrac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}\) (1)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{3a}{3c}=\dfrac{2b}{2d}=\dfrac{3a-2b}{2c-2d}\) (2)

Từ (1) và(2) ta có:

\(\dfrac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}\) =  \(\dfrac{3a-2b}{3c-2d}\)(đpcm)

a.d = b.c ⇒ \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)  ⇒ \(\dfrac{a.b}{c.d}\) = \(\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}\) = \(\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a.b}{c.d}=\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}\) = \(\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\) = \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\) (đpcm)

b) \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{5b}{5d}=\frac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}\\\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{3a}{3c}=\frac{4b}{4d}=\frac{3a-4b}{3c-4d}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}=\frac{3a-4b}{3c-4d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)
c) \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{c}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^2=\frac{a.b}{c.d}\)
                                            \(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\frac{a.b}{c.d}\)
d) \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{c}{d}\right)^2=\frac{a.c}{b.d}\)
                      \(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{a.c}{b.d}\)
                      \(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{a.c}{b.d}\)
P/s: Dấu \(\Rightarrow\) dòng thứ 2 + 3 ở phần c và d đều ngang hàng nhé, đừng viết sát lề

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