a) Vẽ tia By' là tia đối của tia By

Ta có:

∠ABy' + ∠ABy = 180⁰ (kề bù)

⇒ ∠ABy' = 180⁰ - ∠ABy

= 180⁰ - 135⁰

= 45⁰

⇒ ∠ABy' = ∠BAx = 45⁰

Mà ∠ABy' và ∠BAx là hai góc so le trong

⇒ By // Ax

b) Ta có:

∠CBy' = ∠ABC - ∠ABy'

= 75⁰ - 45⁰

= 30⁰

⇒ ∠CBy' = ∠BCz = 30⁰

Mà ∠CBy' và ∠BCz là hai góc so le trong

⇒ By // Cz

Ta có ax + by = c ; by + cz = a

<=> cz - ax = a - c (1)

mà cz + ax = b (2) 

Từ (1) và (2) => \(cz=\frac{a-c+b}{2}\Rightarrow z=\frac{a-c+b}{2c}\Rightarrow z+1=\frac{a+b+c}{2c}\)

=> \(\frac{1}{z+1}=\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\)

Tương tự ta có \(\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\); \(\frac{1}{y+1}=\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\)

=> P = \(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=\frac{2a}{a+b+c}+\frac{2b}{a+b+c}+\frac{2c}{a+b+c}=2\)

Cộng vế với vế của ba đẳng thức ta đc :

\(x+y+z=2\left(ax+by+cz\right)\Rightarrow ax+by+cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\) (*)

Lấy (*) - (1) ta có : \(ax+by+cz-\left(by+cz\right)=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x\)

<=> \(ax=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\Rightarrow a+1=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2x}\)

=> \(\frac{1}{a+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}\)

CMTT với 1/b+1 và 1/c+1 

=> ĐPCM 

Vì \(x=by+cz\)

\(\Rightarrow by=x-cz\)

Mà \(z=ax+by\)

\(\Rightarrow by=z-ax\)

\(\Rightarrow x-cz=z-ax\left(=by\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x+ax=z+cz\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(a+1\right)=z\left(c+1\right)\)

Cũng có :

\(z=ax+by\)

\(\Rightarrow ax=z-by\)

\(y=ax+cz\)

\(\Rightarrow ax=y-cz\)

\(\Rightarrow z-by=y-cz\left(=ax\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow z+cz=y+by\)

\(\Rightarrow z\left(c+1\right)=y\left(b+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(a+1\right)=y\left(b+1\right)=z\left(c+1\right)\)

Đặt \(x\left(a+1\right)=y\left(b+1\right)=z\left(c+1\right)=k\)

\(\Rightarrow3k=x\left(a+1\right)+y\left(b+1\right)+z\left(c+1\right)\)

Có :

\(Q=\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{c+1}\)

\(=\frac{x}{x\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{y}{y\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{z}{z\left(c+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x}{k}+\frac{y}{k}+\frac{z}{k}\)

\(=\frac{x+y+z}{k}\)

\(=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{3k}\)

Mà \(3k=x\left(a+1\right)+y\left(b+1\right)+z\left(c+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow Q=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{x\left(a+1\right)+y\left(b+1\right)+z\left(c+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{xa+x+by+y+zc+z}\)

\(=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xa+by+zc\right)}\)

\(=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(xa+by\right)+\left(xa+zc\right)+\left(by+zc\right)\right]}\)

Có \(x+y+z=\left(ax+by\right)+\left(by+cz\right)+\left(ax+cz\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow Q=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(=\frac{3}{\frac{3}{2}}\)

\(=2\)

Vậy \(Q=2.\)

Tim x toa man: |x-22|+|x-3|+|x-2017|=2014

Đặt \(A=\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{ab\left(x-y\right)^2+bc\left(y-z\right)^2+cz\left(z-x\right)}\)

Từ ax+by+cz=0

=>(ax+by+cz)²=0

=>a²x²+b²y²+c²z²+2axby+2bycz+2czax=0

=>a²x²+b²y²+c²z²=-2(ax+by+byca+czax)

Xét mẫu thức: \(ab\left(x-y\right)^2+bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2\)

\(=ab\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+bc\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+ca\left(z^2-2zx+x^2\right)\)

\(=abx^2-2abxy+aby^2+bcy^2-2bcyz+bcz^2+caz^2-2cazx+cax^2\)

\(=\left(abx^2+bcz^2\right)+\left(aby^2+acz^2\right)+\left(acx^2+bcy^2\right)-2\left(abxy+bcyz+cazx\right)\)

\(=\left(aby^2+acz^2\right)+\left(abx^2+bcz^2\right)+\left(acx^2+bcy^2\right)+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)

\(=\left(a^2x^2+aby^2+acz^2\right)+\left(abx^2+b^2y^2+bcz^2\right)+\left(acx^2+bcy^2+c^2z^2\right)\)

\(=a\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)+b\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)+c\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)

Do đó: \(A=\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2018}}=2018\) (dpcm)