làm ơn giúp mình đi pls

Bài 1:

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300.19,6\%}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,6}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{3n_{Al}}{2}=\dfrac{3.0,1}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,15=51,3\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{ddsau}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=2,7+300-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1.2=302,4\left(g\right)\\ c,C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{51,3}{302,4}.100\%\approx16,964\%\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,6-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{302,4}.100\%\approx14,583\%\)

Bài 2:

\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Hpt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%\approx69,231\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}\approx100\%-69,231\%\approx30,769\%\)

Đáp án A

Vì AgNO₃ dư nên chất rắn sau phản ứng chỉ là Ag.

Các kim loại trong hỗn hợp X đều có hóa trị không đổi nên theo định luật bảo toàn mol electron, ta có:

a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

             a--->a---------->a-------->a

            Fe + H₂SO₄ --> FeSO₄ + H₂

             b--->b----------->b------>b

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=98a+98b\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(98a+98b\right).100}{19,6}=500a+500b\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pư} = 24a + 56b + 500a + 500b - 2a - 2b = 522a + 554b (g)

Có: \(C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{152b}{522a+554b}.100\%=7,17\%\)

=> a = 3b

\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120a}{522a+554b}.100\%=16,98\%\)

b)

Có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3b\\24a+56b=1,92\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> a = 0,045; b = 0,015

\(n_{CuSO_4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + CuSO₄ --> MgSO₄ + Cu

         0,045->0,045----->0,045

            Fe + CuSO₄ --> FeSO₄ + Cu

       0,015-->0,015----->0,015

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(CuSO_4\left(dư\right)\right)}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}=0,4M\\C_{M\left(MgSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,045}{0,1}=0,45M\\C_{M\left(FeSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,015}{0,1}=0,15M\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_O=\dfrac{33,3-21,3}{16}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

=> n_H2O = 0,75 (mol)

Giả sử có V lít dd

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=V\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2V\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn H: 2V + 2V = 0,75.2 

=> V = 0,375 (lít) = 375 (ml)

\(a) Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} =0,05(mol)\\ m_{Mg} = 0,05.24 =1,2(gam)\\ m_{Cu} = 7,6 -1,2 = 6,4(gam)\\ b) n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow V_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,05}{0,5} =0,1(lít)\\ c) n_{MgSO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgSO_4} = 0,05.120 = 6(gam)\\ d) \text{Bảo toàn electron: } 2n_{Mg} + 2n_{Cu} = 2n_{SO_2}\\ \Rightarrow n_{SO_2} = 0,05 + \dfrac{6,4}{64} = 0,15(mol) \Rightarrow V_{SO_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)\)