\(a,N=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^4-y^4\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}\\ N=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}=x^2+y^2\\ b,N=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=0-2\cdot1=-2\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne y\)

a) \(N=\dfrac{x^2+y\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}:\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{x^4\left(x-y\right)-y^4\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+xy+y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}.\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}=x^2+y^2\)

b) \(x+y=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-2xy=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow N=x^2+y^2=0+2xy=2.1=2\)

\(Q=\frac{x^3}{4\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{x^3\left(x+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3\left(y+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x^4+y^4+2x^3+2y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(xy+2x+2y+4\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(2x+2y+8\right)}=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :

\(x^4+y^4\ge2\sqrt{x^4y^4}=2x^2y^2\)

\(x^2+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2xy\)

\(Q=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\ge\frac{2x^2y^2+2xy\left(x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{2xy\left(xy+x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{8\left(x+y+4\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=1\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y>0\\x=y\\xy=4\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=2\)

Vậy GTNN của Q là 1 <=> x = y = 2

Or

\(Q-1=\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-8\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\ge0\)*đúng do \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy=8\)*

Do đó \(Q\ge1\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 2