a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x,y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(1;12\right);\left(12;1\right);\left(2;6\right);\left(6;2\right);\left(3;4\right);\left(4;3\right)\right\}\)

hay \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;11\right);\left(12;0\right);\left(2;5\right);\left(6;1\right);\left(3;3\right);\left(4;2\right)\right\}\)

b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2;2y-3\right)\in\left\{\left(1;1\right);\left(-1;-1\right)\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2=1\\2y-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(x,y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)

c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1,2y-1\right)\in\left\{\left(12;1\right);\left(4;3\right)\right\}\)

hay \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(11;1\right);\left(3;2\right)\right\}\)

a, \(3x=5y=7z=>\dfrac{3x}{105}=\dfrac{5y}{105}=\dfrac{7z}{105}=>\dfrac{x}{35}=\dfrac{y}{21}=\dfrac{z}{15}\)

áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số = nhau

\(=>\dfrac{x}{35}=\dfrac{y}{21}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{35+21+15}=\dfrac{10}{71}\)

\(=>\dfrac{x}{35}=\dfrac{10}{71}=>x=\dfrac{350}{71}\)

\(=>\dfrac{y}{21}=\dfrac{10}{71}=>y=\dfrac{210}{71}\)

\(=>\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{10}{71}=>z=\dfrac{150}{71}\)

b, \(\)\(6x=5y=>\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{6}=>\dfrac{x}{20}=\dfrac{y}{24}\)

có \(7y=8z=>\dfrac{y}{8}=\dfrac{z}{7}=>\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{z}{21}\)

\(=>\dfrac{x}{20}=\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{z}{21}=>\dfrac{3x}{60}=\dfrac{2y}{48}=\dfrac{4z}{84}\)

áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số = nhau

\(=>\dfrac{3x}{60}=\dfrac{2y}{48}=\dfrac{4z}{84}=\dfrac{3x+2y+4z}{60+48+84}=\dfrac{12}{192}=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

\(=>\dfrac{3x}{60}=\dfrac{1}{16}=>x=1,25\)

\(=>\dfrac{2y}{48}=\dfrac{1}{16}=>y=1,5\)

\(=>\dfrac{4z}{84}=\dfrac{1}{16}=>z=1,3125\)

c, \(x:y:z=1:2:3=>\dfrac{x}{1}=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{3}\)

\(=>x=\dfrac{y}{2},z=\dfrac{3y}{2}\)

thay x,z vào \(x^3+y^3+z^3=36=>\left(\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^3+y^3+\left(\dfrac{3y}{2}\right)^3=36\)

\(=>y=2\)

\(=>x=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1,z=\dfrac{3y}{2}=\dfrac{3.2}{2}=3\)

d, \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=>x=\dfrac{2y}{3}\)

thay x vào \(3x^3+y^3=51=>3.\left(\dfrac{2y}{3}\right)^3+y^3=51=>y=3\)

\(=>x=\dfrac{2.3}{3}=2\)