Câu 1:

Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)

a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a________2a_______a______a(mol)

MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O

b_____2b_______b___b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)

=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%

=> %mMgO= 45,455%

b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)

c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)

Câu 2:

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

               0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2   (mol)

           \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)

                0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2  (mol)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

1.GS có 100g dd $HCl$

=>m$HCl$=100.20%=20g

=>n$HCl$=20/36,5=40/73 mol

=>n$H2$=20/73 mol

Gọi n$Fe$(X)=a mol n$Mg$(X)=b mol

=>n$HCl$=2a+2b=40/73
mdd sau pứ=56a+24b+100-40/73=56a+24b+99,452gam

m$MgCl2$=95b gam

C% dd $MgCl2$=11,79%=>95b=11,79%(56a+24b+99,452)

=>92,17b-6,6024a=11,725

=>a=0,13695 mol và b=0,137 mol

=>C%dd $FeCl2$=127.0,13695/mdd.100%=15,753%

2.Bảo toàn klg=>mhh khí bđ=m$C2H2$+m$H2$

=0,045.26+0,1.2=1,37 gam

mC=mA-mbình tăng=1,37-0,41=0,96 gam

HH khí C gồm $H2$ dư và $C2H6$ không bị hấp thụ bởi dd $Br2$ gọi số mol lần lượt là a và b mol

Mhh khí=8.2=16 g/mol

mhh khí=0,96=2a+30b

nhh khí=0,06=a+b

=>a=b=0,03 mol

Vậy n$H2$=n$C2H6$=0,03 mol

\(\overline{M}=\dfrac{28.nN_2+44.nN_2O}{nN_2+nN_2O}=20,4.2\left(1\right)\)

\(nN_2+nN_2O=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1), (2) suy ra\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}nN_2=0,02\\nN_2O=0,08\end{matrix}\right.\)

gọi x, y lần lượt là nAl và nMg

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}mhh=27x+24y=9\\3x+2y=10.0,02+8.0,08\left(BTne\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,12\\y=0,24\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%mAl=\dfrac{mAl.100\%}{mhh}=\dfrac{0,12.27.100\%}{9}=36\%\)

PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\) (1)

\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\) (2)

\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+2H_2O\) (3) 

\(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2+H_2O\) (4)

Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=10.95.20\%=2,19\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2,19}{36,5}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,224}{22,4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(4\right)}=2n_{CO_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2O\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(4\right)}=n_{CO_2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(3\right)}=0,06-0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2O\left(3\right)}\)

⇒ n_H2O = 0,01 + 0,04 = 0,05 (mol)

Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m_hh + m_HCl = m _muối + m_CO2 + m_H2O

⇒ m = m _muối = 2,24 + 2,19 - 0,01.44 - 0,05.18 = 3,09 (g)