Đáp án đúng : B

\(A=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{xy}}\ge\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{x+y}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}\right)\ge2.\dfrac{4}{2x+x+y}=\dfrac{8}{3x+y}\ge\dfrac{8}{4}=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)

Bài 1:

                    \(x^2-8x+y^2+6y+25=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x^2-8x+16\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-4=0\\y+3=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)

Vậy...

Bài 2: 

Phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là    x = -2/3    nên ta có:

          \(\left(4+a\right).\frac{-2}{3}=a-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-\frac{8}{3}-\frac{2}{3}a=a-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+\frac{2}{3}a=2-\frac{8}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{5}{3}a=-\frac{2}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=-\frac{2}{5}\)

Bài 3:

\(A=a^4-2a^3+3a^2-4a+5\)

\(=a^3\left(a-1\right)-a^2\left(a-1\right)+2a\left(a-1\right)-2\left(a-1\right)+3\)

\(=\left(a-1\right)\left(a^3-a^2+2a-2\right)+3\)

\(=\left(a-1\right)\left[a^2\left(a-1\right)+2\left(a-1\right)\right]+3\)

\(=\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a^2+2\right)+3\ge3\)

\(\text{Vậy Min A=3. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi }a-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=1\)

Bài 4:

\(xy-3x+2y=13\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-3\right)+2\left(y-3\right)=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(y-3\right)=7=1.7=7.1=-1.-7=-7.-1\)

Vậy...

Bài 5:

\(xy-x-3y=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y-1\right)-3\left(y-1\right)=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(y-1\right)=5=1.5=5.1=-1.-5=-5.-1\)

Vậy....

\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=9\)

\(\Rightarrow xy+x+y+1=9\)

\(\Rightarrow xy+x+y=8\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y=8-xy\left(1\right)\)

\(K=x^2+y^2\)

\(\Rightarrow K=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=\left(8-xy\right)^2-2xy\)

\(\Rightarrow K=64-16xy+\left(xy\right)^2-2xy\)

\(\Rightarrow K=\left(xy\right)^2-18xy+64\)

\(\Rightarrow K=\left(xy\right)^2-18xy+81-17\)

\(\Rightarrow K=\left(xy-9\right)^2-17\ge-17\left(\left(xy-9\right)^2\ge0,\forall x;y\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow GTNN\left(K\right)=-17\)

GTNN (K) = -17

$\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=9$

$\Rightarrow xy+x+y+1=9$

$\Rightarrow xy+x+y=8$

$\Rightarrow x+y=8-xy\left(1\right)$

�=�2+�2K=x2+y2

⇒�=(�+�)2−2��=(8−��)2−2��⇒K=(x+y)2−2xy=(8−xy)2−2xy

⇒�=64−16��+(��)2−2��⇒K=64−16xy+(xy)2−2xy

⇒�=(��)2−18��+64⇒K=(xy)2−18xy+64

⇒�=(��)2−18��+81−17⇒K=(xy)2−18xy+81−17

⇒�=(��−9)2−17≥−17((��−9)2≥0,∀�;�)⇒K=(xy−9)2−17≥−17((xy−9)2≥0,∀x;y)

$\Rightarrow GTNN\left(K\right)=-17$

Ta có

\(A=\dfrac{4}{x+1}+\dfrac{9}{y+2}+\dfrac{25}{z+3}\)

\(A=\dfrac{2^2}{x+1}+\dfrac{3^2}{y+2}+\dfrac{5^2}{z+3}\)

\(A\ge\dfrac{\left(2+3+5\right)^2}{x+1+y+2+z+3}\) (BĐT Schwarz)

\(A\ge\dfrac{10^2}{10}=10\) (vì \(x+y+z=4\))

ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3}{y+2}=\dfrac{5}{z+3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3}{y+2}=\dfrac{5}{z+3}=\dfrac{2+3+5}{z+1+y+2+z+3}=1\). Dẫn đến \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\). Vậy, GTNN của A là 10 khi \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1,1,2\right)\)

3: \(P=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(y+x\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{y+x}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{z}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = x = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\).

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P_{min}=1\)

TH1: \(xyz=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2y^2z^2=0\Rightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4=1\)

\(P=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\sqrt{x^4+y^4+z^4}=1\)

TH2: \(xyz\ne0\) , từ điều kiện, tồn tại 1 tam giác nhọn ABC sao cho \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=cosA\\y^2=cosB\\z^2=cosC\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=cosA+cosB+cosC-\sqrt{2cosA.cosB.cosC}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(cosA+cosB+cosC-\sqrt{2cosA.cosB.cosC}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4sin\dfrac{A}{2}sin\dfrac{B}{2}sin\dfrac{C}{2}\ge\sqrt{2cosA.cosB.cosC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8sin^2\dfrac{A}{2}sin^2\dfrac{B}{2}sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}\ge cosA.cosB.cosC\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8sin^2\dfrac{A}{2}sin^2\dfrac{B}{2}sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}}{8sin\dfrac{A}{2}sin\dfrac{B}{2}sin\dfrac{C}{2}cos\dfrac{A}{2}cos\dfrac{B}{2}cos\dfrac{C}{2}}\ge cotA.cotB.cotC\)

\(\Leftrightarrow tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}tan\dfrac{C}{2}\ge cotA.cotB.cotC\)

\(\Leftrightarrow tanA.tanB.tanC\ge cot\dfrac{A}{2}cot\dfrac{B}{2}cot\dfrac{C}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow tanA+tanB+tanC\ge cot\dfrac{A}{2}+cot\dfrac{B}{2}+cot\dfrac{C}{2}\)

Ta có:

\(tanA+tanB=\dfrac{sin\left(A+B\right)}{cosA.cosB}=\dfrac{2sinC}{cos\left(A-B\right)-cosC}\ge\dfrac{2sinC}{1-cosC}=\dfrac{2sin\dfrac{C}{2}cos\dfrac{C}{2}}{2sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}}=cot\dfrac{C}{2}\)

Tương tự: \(tanA+tanC\ge cot\dfrac{B}{2}\) ; \(tanB+tanC\ge cot\dfrac{A}{2}\)

Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm

Vậy \(P_{min}=1\) khi \(\left(x^2;y^2;z^2\right)=\left(1;0;0\right)\) và các hoán vị hoặc \(\left(x^2;y^2;z^2\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)