a.

\(\overrightarrow{u}=2\left(2;1\right)-\left(3;4\right)=\left(1;-2\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{v}=3\left(3;4\right)-2\left(7;2\right)=\left(-5;8\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{w}=5\left(7;2\right)+\left(2;1\right)=\left(37;11\right)\)

b.

\(\overrightarrow{x}=2\left(2;1\right)+\left(3;4\right)-\left(7;2\right)=\left(0;4\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{z}=2\left(2;1\right)-3\left(3;4\right)+\left(7;2\right)=\left(2;-8\right)\)

c.

\(\overrightarrow{w}+\overrightarrow{a}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{c}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{w}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{c}-\overrightarrow{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{w}=\left(3;4\right)-\left(7;2\right)-\left(2;1\right)=\left(-6;1\right)\)

\(m\overrightarrow{a}=m\left(-1;-2\right)=\left(-m;-2m\right)\)

\(n\overrightarrow{b}=n\left(1;-3\right)=\left(n;-3n\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m\overrightarrow{a}+n\overrightarrow{b}=\left(-m+n;-2m-3n\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-m+n=2\\-2m-3n=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m-n=-2\) (đảo dấu pt đầu là ra, ko cần giải hẳn ra m; n)

\(\overrightarrow{a}=2\overrightarrow{i}-4\overrightarrow{j}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{a}=\left(2;-4\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{b}=-5\overrightarrow{i}+3\overrightarrow{j}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{b}=\left(-5;3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{u}=2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}=2\left(2;-4\right)-\left(-5;3\right)=\left(9;-11\right)\)

60⁰ 

Lời giải:

a) Gọi vecto \(\overrightarrow{u}(m,n)\)

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \overrightarrow{u}\perp \overrightarrow{a}\\ \overrightarrow{u}.\overrightarrow{b}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 3m+6n=0\\ -2m+5n=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m=\frac{8}{9}; n=\frac{-4}{9}\)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow{u}(\frac{8}{9}; \frac{-4}{9})\)

b) Gọi vecto \(\overrightarrow{v}(m,n)\)

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \overrightarrow{v}\perp \overrightarrow{a}\\ |\overrightarrow{v}|=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 3m+6n=0\\ m^2+n^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} m=-2n\\ m^2+n^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow (-2n)^2+n^2=2\)

\(\Rightarrow n=\pm \sqrt{\frac{2}{5}}\)

\(\Rightarrow m=\mp 2\sqrt{\frac{2}{5}}\) (tương ứng)

Vậy..............