Bài 1 :

\(M=\dfrac{30-2^{20}}{2^{18}}=\dfrac{2.15-2^{20}}{2^{18}}=\dfrac{15}{2^{17}}-2^2=\dfrac{15}{2^{17}}-4< 0\left(\dfrac{15}{2^{17}}< 1\right)\)

\(N=\dfrac{3^5}{1^{2021}+2^3}=\dfrac{3^5}{9}=\dfrac{3^5}{3^2}=3^3=27\)

\(\Rightarrow M< N\)

Bài 3 :

a) \(t^2+5t-8\) khi \(t=2\)

\(=5^2+2.5-8\)

\(=25+10-8\)

\(=27\)

b) \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(b-a\right)^3+2021\left(1\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=5\\b=a+1=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=11\\b-a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)=11^2-1^3+2021=121-1+2021=2141\)

c) \(x^3-3x^2y+3xy^2-y^3=\left(x-y\right)^3\left(1\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x-y=1\)

\(\left(1\right)=1^3=1\)

Bài 2 :

a) \(...=2^3\left(19-14\right)+1=8.5+1=41\)

b) \(...=100-\left[60:\left(5^2-15\right)\right]=100-\left[60:10\right]=100-6=94\)

c) \(...=160:\left[17+\left(9.5-\left(14+2^3\right)\right)\right]=160:\left[17+\left(45-22\right)\right]=160:\left[17+23\right]=160:40=4\)

d) \(...=798+100\left[16-2\left(25-22\right)\right]=798+100\left[16-2.3\right]=798+100.10=798+1000=1798\)

A=(1+3+3²)+(3³+3⁴+3⁵)+...+(3²⁰¹⁹+3²⁰²⁰+3²⁰²¹)                                                  A=(1+3+3²)+3³.(1+3+3²)+...+3²⁰¹⁹.(1+3+3²)

A=13+3³.13+...+3²⁰¹⁹.13

A=13.(1+3³+...+3²⁰¹⁹)chia hết cho 13

=>A  chia hết cho 13

`#3107.101107`

\(A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{2020} + 2^{2021} + 2^{2022}\)

\(= (2 + 2^2) + (2^3 + 2^4) + ... + (2^{2021} + 2^{2022})\)

\(=2(1+2) + 2^3(1 + 2) + ... + 2^{2021}(1 + 2)\)

\(=(1 + 2)(2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{2021})\)

\(= 3(2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{2021})\)

Vì \(3(2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{2021})\) \(\vdots\) \(3\)

`\Rightarrow A \vdots 3`

Vậy, `A \vdots 3.`

Ta có: \(1^2+3^2+5^2+...+2021^2\) tổng trên có \(\left(2021-1\right)\div2+1=1011\)số hạng 

do đó \(1^2+3^2+5^2+...+2021^2\)là số lẻ nên \(a+b+c=1^2+2^2+3^2+...+2021^2\)là số lẻ. 

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)là số lẻ, \(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)là số chẵn 

nên \(a^2+b^2+c^2\)là số lẻ. 

  S= 5+5²+5³+...+5²⁰²⁰+5²⁰²¹

 5S=5²+5³+5⁴+...+5²⁰²¹+5²⁰²²

 5S - S=4S=5²⁰²²-5

  Ta có: 4S+5=5²⁰²²

             =4S -5 +5 =5²⁰²²

              => 4S=5²⁰²²

a: =5-78*32

=5-2496

=-2491

b: \(=6\left(9-6\right)=6\cdot3=18\)

c: \(=46\cdot\dfrac{\left(123-42\right)}{81}=46\)

d: \(=181+3-84+8\cdot25\)

=100+200

=300

e: \(=64\cdot35+140\cdot84-1=2240-1+11760\)

=14000-1

=13999

f: \(=3^3+25\cdot8-1=26+200=226\)

g: \(=3+2^4+1=16+4=20\)

h: \(=36:4\cdot3+2\cdot25-1=27+50-1=27+49=76\)

S = 1 - 2 + 2² - 2³ + ....... + 2²⁰²⁰

2S = 2(1 - 2 + 2² - 2³ + ....... + 2²⁰²⁰)

2S = 2 - 2² + 2³ - 2⁴ + ....... + 2²⁰²¹

S = (2 - 2² + 2³ - 2⁴ + ....... + 2²⁰²¹) - (1 - 2 + 2² - 2³ + ....... + 2²⁰²⁰)

S = 2²⁰²¹ - 1

3S = 3(2²⁰²¹ - 1)

3S - 2²⁰²¹ = 3(2²⁰²¹ - 1) - 2²⁰²¹

3S - 2²⁰²¹ = 3.2²⁰²¹ - 3 - 2²⁰²¹

➤ 3S - 2²⁰²¹ = 2²⁰²¹ . 2 - 3