`Answer:`

 \(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}\)

a) Ta thấy:

\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}>\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{8}>\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{1}{16}>8.\frac{1}{16}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{18}+...+\frac{1}{32}>16.\frac{1}{32}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\)

b) Ta thấy:

\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}< 3.\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{11}< 6.\frac{1}{6}\)

\(\frac{1}{12}+...+\frac{1}{23}< 12.\frac{1}{12}\)

\(\frac{1}{24}+...+\frac{1}{32}< 9.\frac{1}{24}\)

\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{1}{2}+1+1+1+\frac{9}{24}=\frac{31}{8}< \frac{9}{2}\)

a>

\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{100^2}\)=1/4+1/10000

ta có 1/4<1/2(vì 2 đề bài muốn chứng minh tổng đó nhỏ 1 thì chúng ta phải xét xem có bao nhiêu lũy thừa hoặc sht thì ta sẽ lấy 1 : cho số số hạng )

1/100^2<1/2

=>A<1

TỪ ĐỀ BÀI => 5A=1+1/5+1/5^2+......+1/5^2013

                      CÓ 4A=5A-A

                    =>4A=(1+1/5+1/5^2+.....+1/5^2013)-(1/5+1/5^2+1/5^3+....+1/5^2014)

                   =>4A= 1- 1/5^2014

                   =>A= (1-1/5^2014)/4  ;CÓ 1-1/5^2014 <1

                    =>A<1/4

\(\text{Giải}\)

\(\text{5A=1+1/5+1/5^2+......+1/5^2013}\)

\(\Rightarrow5A-A=4A=1-\frac{1}{5^{2014}}< 1\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)

1)A=987

1:\(A=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{11}\)

\(A=\left(1+3\right)+\left(3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{10}+3^{11}\right)\)

\(A=4+3^2\cdot\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{10}\cdot\left(1+3\right)\)

\(A=4+3^2\cdot4+....+3^{10}\cdot4\)

\(A=4\cdot\left(1+3^2+...+3^{10}\right)\) chia hết cho 4

Vì ta có 4 chia hết cho 4 => A có chia hết cho 4

Vậy A chia hết cho 4

2:

\(C=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^8\) chia hết cho 30

\(C=\left(5+5^2\right)+...+\left(5^7+5^8\right)\)

\(C=30+5^2\cdot\left(5+5^2\right)+...+5^6\cdot\left(5+5^2\right)\)

\(C=30\cdot1+5^2\cdot30+...5^6\cdot30\)

\(C=30\cdot\left(5^2+...+5^6\right)\)

Vì ta có 30 chia hết cho 30 nên suy ra C có chia hết cho 30

Vậy C có chia hết cho 30

\(1,Y=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+...+\left(3^{96}+3^{97}+3^{98}\right)\\ Y=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(1+3^3+...+3^{96}\right)\\ Y=13\left(1+3^3+...+3^{96}\right)⋮13\\ 2,A=\left(1+3\right)+\left(3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{2018}+3^{2019}\right)\\ A=\left(1+3\right)\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2019}\right)\\ A=4\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2019}\right)⋮4\\ 3,\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+4\right)=60\Leftrightarrow x+4=30\Leftrightarrow x=36\)

Bài 3:

\(A=5+5^2+..+5^{12}\)

\(5A=5\cdot\left(5+5^2+..5^{12}\right)\)

\(5A=5^2+5^3+...+5^{13}\)

\(5A-A=\left(5^2+5^3+...+5^{13}\right)-\left(5+5^2+...+5^{12}\right)\)

\(4A=5^2+5^3+...+5^{13}-5-5^2-...-5^{12}\)

\(4A=5^{13}-5\)

\(A=\dfrac{5^{13}-5}{4}\)

\(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{48.49}\)

\(A< 1-\frac{1}{49}=\frac{48}{49}< \frac{48}{48}< \frac{40}{48}=\frac{5}{6}\)