2. Look at the examples of the past perfect highlighted in the text in exercise 1. Find all the other examples. Complete rule a in the Learn this! box.
(Nhìn vào các ví dụ về quá khứ hoàn thành được đánh dấu trong văn bản ở bài tập 1. Tìm tất cả các ví dụ khác. Hoàn thành quy tắc a trong phần Learn this!)
LEARN THIS! Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
a. We form the past perfect with (1) _____ or (2) _____ and the past participle.
b. We use the past perfect when we are already talking about past events and we want to talk about an even earlier event.
When I got to the classroom, the lesson had started.
c. We often use the past perfect with after, before or when.
Before I got to the bus station, the bus had already left.
After I’d called Maggie, I watched a film on TV.
LEARN THIS! Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
a. We form the past perfect with (1) had or (2) hadn’t and the past participle.
(Chúng ta tạo thì quá khứ hoàn thành với had hoặc hadn’t với động từ ở thể quá khứ phân từ.)
b. We use the past perfect when we are already talking about past events and we want to talk about an even earlier event.
(Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành khi ai đó đang nói về những sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ và chúng ta muốn nói đến những sự kiện trước đó nữa.)
When I got to the classroom, the lesson had started.
(Khi mình đến lớp thì bài học đã bắt đầu.)
c. We often use the past perfect with after, before or when.
(Chúng ta thường dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành với after, before hoặc when.)
Before I got to the bus station, the bus had already left.
(Trước khi mình đến trạm xe buýt, thì xe buýt đã đi mất.)
After I’d called Maggie, I watched a film on TV.
(Sau khi mình gọi cho Maggie, mình xem một bộ phim trên TV.)
had thrown … away; had risen; had increased; had spilled; had kept; had sold; had thrown; had … forgotten; hadn’t saved
Exercise 3. Look at the phrases in blue in the text. Then underline the correct words.
(Nhìn vào các cụm từ màu xanh trong bài đọc. Sau đó gạch chân các từ đúng.)
1. When an adjective and a noun are together, the adjective is before / after the noun.
2. We use really, very and quite before / after an adjective.
1. When an adjective and a noun are together, the adjective is beforethe noun.
(Khi có một tính từ và một danh từ đi với nhau, tính từ đứng trước danh từ.)
2. We use really, very and quite beforean adjective.
(Chúng ta sử dụng “really”, “very” và “quite” trước tính từ.)
Past time expressions
(Cụm từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ)
4. Look at the examples and answer the questions.
(Hãy nhìn vào các ví dụ dưới đây và trả lời các câu hỏi.
1. How do you say the words in blue in your language?
(Bạn nói những từ màu xanh lam trong ngôn ngữ của bạn như thế nào?)
2. Do we put ago before or after a past time expression?
(Chúng ta có đặt ago vào trước hay sau cách diễn đạt về thời gian?)
He first competed when he was twelwe.
(Anh ấy thi đấu lần đầu tiên khi mới 12 tuổi.)
She last competed in 1981.
(Cô ấy thi đấu lần cuối vào năm 1981.)
He was on this programme two years ago.
(Anh ấy đã tham gia chương trình này hai năm trước.)
1.
- first: lần đầu
- last: lần cuối
- when he was: khi anh ấy còn..
- ago: cách đây
2. We put ago after a pastime expression.
(Chúng ta đặt ago sau cách diễn đạt về thời gian)
Exercise 4. Look at the words in blue in the text. How do you say also in your language? Then choose the correct words.
(Nhìn từ màu xanh trong bài đọc. Trong ngôn ngữ của bạn nó có nghĩa là gì? Sau đó chọn từ đúng.)
1. We buy presents. We have also / We also have a family meal.
2. There are fireworks. There's also / There also is a concert.
3. I like school, but I also like /I like also the holidays.
4. My birthday is in April. My sister's birthday also is / is also in April.
1. We buy presents. We also have a family meal.
(Chúng tôi mua quà. Chúng tôi cũng có một bữa ăn gia đình.)
2. There are fireworks. There's also a concert.
(Có pháo hoa. Ngoài ra còn có một buổi hòa nhạc.)
3. I like school, but I also like the holidays.
(Tôi thích trường học, nhưng tôi cũng thích những ngày nghỉ.)
4. My birthday is in April. My sister's birthday is also in April.
(Sinh nhật của tôi là vào tháng Tư. Sinh nhật của chị tôi cũng vào tháng Tư.)
Exercise 3. Look at the examples of sentences with might. Then choose the correct answers in the Rules.
(Nhìn các câu ví dụ với might. Sau đó chọn câu trả lời đúng trong Quy tắc.)
Be careful, it's a scorpion. It might be dangerous.
(Cẩn thận, nó là bọ cạp đó. Nó có thể nguy hiểm.)
We might see a bear in the national park.
(Chúng ta có thể nhìn thấy con gấu trong công viên quốc gia.)
RULES |
We use might when we know / don't know if something is true. The he/she/it forms of might are different / the same. |
RULES (Quy tắc) |
We use might when don't know if something is true. (Chúng ta sử dụng might khi chúng ta không biết điều gì đó có đúng hay không.) The he/she/it forms of might are the same. (Dạng he/she/it của might đều giống nhau.) |
Read the following passage and answer the questions
Ballpoint pen is a pen that has, as its name says, ball at its point which rotates when dragged across the writing surface and leaves behind ink that comes from the reservoir of the pen. Ball at the point can be of different diameter and can be made of brass, steel, or tungsten carbide. It is today the most widespread writing instrument and has literally changed the way we write.
Trying to invent a pen which can write on leather, a tanner John J. Loud invented the first ballpoint pen and patented it in 1888 in America. This pen had a small steel ball which was placed so it could not fall out nor fall in but it still could rotate freely. This invention was not commercially viable and could not be used for writing. Because of that patent lapsed in time.
What can ball at the point be made of?
Đáp án là: It can be made of brass, steel, or tungsten carbide.
Imperatives (Câu mệnh lênh)
3. Look at the examples of imperatives. How do we make the negative form? Find examples in the Health quiz on page 66.
(Nhìn vào các ví dụ về câu mệnh lệnh. Làm thế nào để chúng ta thành lập hình thức phủ định? Tìm ví dụ trong bài Health quiz trang 66.)
Eat some snacks. (Ăn một ít đồ ăn nhẹ.)
Wait for dinner. (Chờ đến bữa ăn tối.)
- To make the negative form of imperatives, we put "Don't " at the beginning of the sentence.
(Để thành lập dạng phủ định của câu mệnh lệnh chúng ta đặt "Don't" ở đầu câu.)
- Examples in the Health quiz
(Các ví dụ trong bài Health quiz)
+ Don't eat. (Đừng ăn.)
+ Don't go to bed late. (Đừng đi ngủ muộn.)
+ Don't go to school. (Đừng đi học.)
Read the Reading Strategy. Then complete these tasks.
1 Look at question 1 in exercise 4. Read the second paragraph of the text.
2 Circle the correct option and identify the sentence of the paragraph which gives the answer.
3 Which words are used in the sentence instead of the words in the correct option?
A perfect companion
A: Hello there.
B: How are you?
A: I am doing very well. How are you?
B: Fine.
A: Glad to hear it. What's for today?
B: Nothin'.
A: Fair enough. What do you want to study?
B: I dunno.
A: You don't know what you want to study?! Lazy humans!
B: Say what I need to study.
A: You have not yet told me what you want to study.
This conversation is between a visually-impaired student, Nick, and his digital tutor named Ann Sullutor.
Ann Sullutor is the brainchild of a 22nd century scientist modelled on and named after the dedicated tutor of Helen Keller. You can have conversations with Ann Sullutor via a wristwatch or any piece of jewellery. The idea of the digital tutor was to help disabled children study in mainstream schools.
Early in the morning, Ann Sullutor wakes up from a full charge of energy, ready for a 20-hour non-stop working day. Nick is quite independent in familiar situations, but if he comes across something unexpected, he can turn to Ann Sullutor for help by using his voice to control the watch on this wrist. Similarly, if he is in an unfamiliar place, he can get directions from Ann through a tiny set of earphones. In an emergency, for example, if there is an obstacle or unexpected vehicle, Nick receives a tiny vibration as a warning. Ann sends reports to the child's parents on a regular basis or on demand.
Registered in the school system and equipped with an immense database, Ann can easily keep track of Nick's schedule and curriculum. During class, Ann gives off a warning beep when Nick is distracted, quicky converts the new material into braille or dictates what the teacher has just written on board. Ann is there to bridge the gap between Nick and his classmates. In Nick's individual sessions, Ann suggests lessons depending on his preference and ability. She can adapt the lesson to aid Nick's learning process, but she doesn't jump in immediately to offer him a hand. Nick has to work on his own for a while before Ann makes a few suggestions. She may even ask Nick to read some extra materials to get a grasp of the topic. Nick often complains about Ann's persistence and strictness. In his fury, Nick sometimes does wish to turn Ann off for a while, which can only be done by his parents.
Ann Sullutor is much more than a beautifully-designed gadget for a visually-impaired child. She can make a perfect companion to any child that needs a tutor or a friend to talk with.
Reading Strategy In a multiple-choice question, the correct option will match the meaning of the text but use different words. It is therefore important not to automatically assume that a multiple-choice option which contains words from the text is correct. |
* Câu hỏi 1 bài tập 4
1 Ann Sullutor
a is an invention of the 22nd century.
b costs a huge sum of money.
c takes a 20-hour energy charge.
d can't be controlled orally.
Thông tin: “Ann Sullutor is the brainchild of a 22nd century scientist”
(Ann Sullutor là sản phẩm trí tuệ của một nhà khoa học thế kỷ 22.)
Chọn A
Từ được dùng trong câu thay cho từ phương án đúng là: “brainchild” (sản phẩm trí tuệ) thay thế cho “invention” (sự phát minh)
Exercise 5. Look at the Key Phrases. Answer the questions in exercise 4 with the information in the box. Use the Key Phrases. Then compare with a partner.
(Nhìn Key Phrases. Trả lời các câu hỏi ở bài tập 4 với thông tin trong khung. Sử dụng Key Phrases. Sau đó so sánh với bạn của em.)
KEY PHRASES |
Estimating A new baby is usually between 2.5 and 4.5 kilos. Gorillas can grow to around 250 kilos. Camels can survive about six months without water. |
1. How fast can the fastest person run? – Around 44 kilometres an hour.
(Người chạy nhanh nhất có thể chạy nhanh như thế nào?- Khoảng 44km/h.)
2. How many countries are there in the world? – 195 (recognised by the United Nations.)
(Có bao nhiêu quốc gia trên thế giới?- 195 (được công nhận bởi Liên hợp quốc.))
3. How tall is an adult giraffe? – Between 5 and 6 metres.
(Con hươu cao cổ trưởng thành cao bao nhiêu? – Từ 5 đến 6 mét.)
4. How long is an adult crocodile? – Around 4 metres.
(Cá sấu trưởng thành dài bao nhiêu? – Khoảng 4m.)
5. How far is the North Pole from the South Pole? - 20,014 kilometres.
(Cực Bắc cách cực Nam bao xa? – 20.014 km.)
